Results
- Showing results for:
- Reset all filters
Search results
-
Journal articleYang J, Wadee MA, Gardner L, 2025,
Strengthening of hot-rolled S355 steel I-section beams using WAAM high strength steel
, Thin-Walled Structures, Vol: 215, ISSN: 0263-8231An experimental investigation to assess the major-axis flexural behaviour of 12 hot-rolled S355 steel I-section beams strengthened by the addition of high strength steel (HSS) through wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is presented. The geometry of the beam specimens was obtained by means of 3D laser scanning. The mechanical properties of both the hot-rolled and the WAAM steel were determined through monotonic tensile testing. Physical testing of the strengthened beam specimens was conducted. The results showed that the WAAM strengthening led to dramatic increases in bending resistances of between 35% and 80% under four-point bending, and of between 30% and 85% under three-point bending, for increases in mass of between just 5% and 15% respectively. At the same time, the specimens exhibited good ductility, despite the high strength of the WAAM additions. The presented experimental results, which are the first of their kind, successfully demonstrate the applicability of the proposed strengthening approach for both new and retrofitted steel beams, and the game-changing potential for enhancements in structural efficiency and reductions in embodied carbon in the construction industry.
-
Journal articleDai R, Gardner L, Wadee MA, 2025,
Elastic buckling formulae for web crippling of square and rectangular hollow sections under concentrated transverse forces
, Thin-Walled Structures, Vol: 215, ISSN: 0263-8231Formulae for determining the elastic buckling loads of structural steel rectangular hollow sections subjectedto concentrated transverse forces are presented herein. The predicted elastic buckling load is bounded by atheoretical lower bound, where only the material within the bearing length is mobilised, and a practical upperbound, where the adjacent material is mobilised to its maximum extent. The lower bound is the elastic bucklingload of a wide plate with a width equal to the bearing length and a length equal to the web depth, whilethe upper bound is determined from finite element (FE) analyses of various representative loading scenarios.The level of mobilisation of adjacent material (i.e., where a specific case lies between the lower and upperbounds) is quantified by introducing a coefficient 𝜁 that is calibrated through FE analyses in the commercialpackage ABAQUS. The rotational stiffness afforded to the webs by the flanges is also captured. The four loadingscenarios defined in the North American Specification and Australian/New Zealand Standard for the designof cold-formed steel structures, namely the Interior-Two-Flange (ITF), End-Two-Flange (ETF), Interior-One Flange (IOF) and End-One-Flange (EOF) loading conditions, alongside their transitional cases, are considered.Rectangular hollow sections with a broad spectrum of cross-sectional geometric proportions and bearing lengthsencompassing the aforementioned loading conditions are considered. It is found that the developed formulaefor predicting the elastic buckling loads under concentrated transverse forces provide accurate results that aretypically within 5% of the numerical values. Hence, the developed formulae can be employed as a convenientalternative to numerical methods in advanced structural design methodologies, such as the Direct StrengthMethod (DSM) and the Continuous Strength Method (CSM).
-
Journal articleTovar J, Bedrinana LA, Malaga-Chuquitaype C, 2025,
Feature selection influence on machine-learning-based classifiers of the shear failure mode of PC girders
, STRUCTURES, Vol: 80, ISSN: 2352-0124 -
Journal articleLi Z, Lin X, Vu-Quoc L, et al., 2025,
A Quasi Energy and Momentum Conservative Algorithm Implemented With a Co-Rotational Quadrilateral Shell Element Formulation Using Vectorial Rotational Variables
, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING, Vol: 126, ISSN: 0029-5981 -
Journal articleYang J, Wadee MA, Gardner L, 2025,
Residual stresses in steel I-section beams strengthened by wire arc additive manufacturing
, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, Vol: 232, ISSN: 0143-974XThe residual stress and residual distortion of three WAAM-strengthened steel I-section beams have been measured experimentally and simulated numerically in the present study. The widely used sectioning method was employed for the measurement of residual stresses, with the results revealing that the original underlying residual stress distribution in the studied hot-rolled steel I-section was significantly altered after the addition of the WAAM material, primarily owing to the heat input from the manufacturing process. Different residual stress patterns were observed for specimens with varying WAAM material arrangements. The overall bending distortion at the member level, also referred to as the pre-camber, and the local distortion at the cross-sectional level, were measured by means of 3D laser scanning. A lumped-layer sequential thermal–mechanical finite element (FE) modelling approach was then used to simulate the residual stresses and distortion within the examined specimens numerically. Good agreement was found between the FE results and the experimental observations. The measured residual stresses and the validated numerical approach can be employed in the design of WAAM-strengthened steel I-section beams and in the development of corresponding design provisions.
-
Conference paperDai R, Gardner L, Wadee MA, 2025,
Formulae for calculating elastic buckling loads for web crippling of rectangular hollow sections
, Boca Raton, USA, 9th International Conference on Structural Engineering, Mechanics and Computation, Publisher: Taylor & Francis, Pages: 256-262Formulae for determining the elastic buckling loads of structural steel rectangular hollow sections (RHS) subjected to concentrated transverse forces are presented herein. The predicted elastic buckling load is bounded by a theoretical lower bound, where only the material within the bearing length is mobilised, and a practical upper bound, where the adjacent material is mobilised to its maximum extent. The lower bound is the elastic buckling load of a wide plate with a width equal to the bearing length and a length equal to the web depth, while the upper bound is determined from finite element (FE) analyses of various representative loading scenarios. The level of mobilisation of adjacent material (i.e., where a specific case lies between the lower and upper bounds) is quantified by introducing a coefficient ζ that is calibrated through FE analyses in the commercial package ABAQUS. The rotational stiffness afforded to the webs by the flanges is also captured. The four loading scenarios defined in the North American Specification (NAS) and Australian/New Zealand Standard (AS/NZS) for the design of cold-formed steel structures, namely the Interior-Two-Flange (ITF), End-Two-Flange (ETF), Interior-One-Flange (IOF) and End-One-Flange (EOF) loading conditions, alongside their transitional cases, are considered. Rectangular hollow sections with a broad spectrum of cross-sectional geometric proportions and bearing lengths encompassing the aforementioned loading conditions are considered. It is found that the developed formulae for predicting the elastic buckling loads under concentrated transverse forces provide accurate results that are typically within 5% of the numerical values. Hence, the developed formulae can be employed as a convenient alternative to numerical methods in advanced structural design methodologies, such as the Direct Strength Method (DSM) and the Continuous Strength Method (CSM).
-
Journal articleNordas AN, Izzuddin BA, Li M, 2025,
Full shell surface coupling along a line with non-conforming meshes
, COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS, Vol: 76, Pages: 493-516, ISSN: 0178-7675 -
Conference paperAkbari S, Vollum R, Izzuddin B, 2025,
Performance assessment of structural joints againstprogressive collapse in precast concrete structures
, 2025 fib International Symposium, Publisher: fib International, ISSN: 2617-4820Adoption of precast concrete building systems is increasing, primarily due to reduced on-site construc-tion times and enhanced quality control. However, inherent discontinuity at the joints of precast struc-tures makes achievement of robustness challenging following sudden column loss. The paper uses acomponent-based NLFEA approach to investigate the effect of joint detailing on the robustness of apreviously tested full scale precast concrete building. The analysis shows that flexure was the principalload resisting mechanism following various sudden column removal scenarios. Detailed parametricinvestigations show that the global structural response is significantly influenced by choices made inthe modelling of the beam-column joints.
-
Journal articleJunda E, Málaga-Chuquitaype C, 2025,
Life cycle impacts of structural deterioration and seismic events on cross-laminated timber buildings
, Journal of Building Engineering, Vol: 104, ISSN: 2352-7102Life cycle assessment (LCA) has become the preferred tool for evaluating the environmental impacts of buildings over their lifetime and informing infrastructure-related policy decisions. Traditionally, LCA is conducted using static inputs, which assume a building’s current performance remains representative of its long-term carbon emissions. However, buildings naturally deteriorate over time—a factor particularly significant for timber structures—and this deterioration can be exacerbated by extreme natural hazards such as earthquakes. The associated repair or replacement activities introduce additional material and energy demands that influence environmental performance. This study introduces a stochastic approach to incorporate the environmental impacts associated with repair and replacement of timber buildings subjected to seismic hazards. The approach is comprehensive in nature, it accounts for the progressive structural deterioration of timber over time, demonstrating its substantial influence on structural performance and subsequent LCA results. The proposed framework is applied to a series of multi-storey cross-laminated timber (CLT) apartment buildings located in a seismically active region in Europe. Using nonlinear response history analyses (NRHAs) under multiple earthquake intensities, various structural deterioration rates are considered to assess their effects on building performance. A comparative LCA is conducted to analyse the contributions from both structural and non-structural damage, while also evaluating the impacts of design behaviour factors and number of storeys. Our findings highlight the importance of an integrated approach to incorporate long-term structural deterioration and seismic hazard impacts into LCA, providing a more realistic and dynamic assessment of timber buildings’ environmental footprint over their lifecycle.
-
Journal articleChen X, Macorini L, Izzuddin BA, 2025,
Nonlinear macroelement for steel shear walls under seismic loading
, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, Vol: 228, ISSN: 0143-974XThis paper proposes an efficient macroscale representation for unstiffened thin steel shear walls, enabling accurate and efficient predictions under earthquake loading. The 8-noded macroelement incorporates six nonlinear springs with asymmetric constitutive relationships to represent the cyclic response of steel panels. The macroelement formulation is introduced first, followed by the constitutive model for the nonlinear springs, which allows for strain-hardening in tension, strength degradation in compression, residual strength at the strain reversal point, and stiffness reduction. The material parameters for the constitutive model are calibrated by multi-objective optimisation with Genetic Algorithms based on the numerical results provided by accurate nonlinear FE models with shell elements. Linear regression is utilised to establish the material parameters for infill plates with different geometric properties. The residual of dissipated energy for the calibrated macroelement models lies between 3 % overestimation and 12 % underestimation compared to detailed shell element models, whereas the computational demand is reduced with wall-clock time reductions of more than 97 %. Finally, the proposed macroelement is verified in numerical examples, where a substandard RC frame enhanced with different types of steel shear walls is analysed under cyclic loading using detailed shell element models and the proposed macroelement for the steel wall components. The excellent comparisons confirm that the proposed macroelement model provides an efficient and accurate description of unstiffened steel wall components, and it can be used for realistic nonlinear dynamic simulations of framed buildings equipped with steel walls under earthquake loading.
This data is extracted from the Web of Science and reproduced under a licence from Thomson Reuters. You may not copy or re-distribute this data in whole or in part without the written consent of the Science business of Thomson Reuters.