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Journal articleRiedel K, Vollum RL, Rust G, et al., 2025,
Design and behaviour of moment resisting precast concrete connections with cast-in shear fasteners
, Engineering Structures, Vol: 330, ISSN: 0141-0296The paper proposes a novel design procedure for an innovative connector that provides flexural continuity between ribbed precast concrete flooring units. The innovation was driven by the goal of rapid onsite assembly which precluded the use of structural toppings, complex in-situ stitching of projecting bars or onsite welding. Assembly on site is a simple process of bringing the precast elements together on temporary supports and grouting the prefabricated steel connectors into well-voids cast into the member ends. The benefits of the developed connection have been successfully demonstrated within a number of full-scale prototypes. Due to the novel and unconventional form of the proposed connector, physical testing was crucial to provide an in-depth understanding of its response characteristics under serviceability and ultimate loading conditions. Towards this end, three full size specimens were tested to failure under four-point bending. The outcomes of these experiments are used to validate 3-D high-fidelity nonlinear finite element analysis models. These are finally used in a wide-ranging study to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed design procedure for this novel precast concrete connection system.
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Journal articleOrnthammarath T, Tha Toe TT, Rupakhety R, et al., 2025,
Empirical formulas and Artificial Neural Networks to estimate the fundamental periods of existing and instrumented RC buildings in Thailand
, Journal of Building Engineering, Vol: 100, ISSN: 2352-7102Even though Bangkok is situated away from known active faults (about 150 km), due to the soft alluvial basin in and around the capital city of Thailand, several of these high- rise buildings experienced noticeable structural and non-structural responses caused by recent long-distance and moderate earthquakes from Mw > 7.5 in the Sumatra subduction zone and Mw > 6 in Myanmar, Northern Thailand, and Laos. This raises the awareness to assess the dynamic characteristics of buildings in Bangkok and other provinces in Thailand. In the current study, ambient vibration measurements have been performed on 98 reinforced concrete (RC) buildings to determine relationships between the building fundamental period and height of existing structures built prior and after seismic design code issued in 2009. The measured buildings’ height ranges of 7 to 142 m (2 to 35 stories) e.g., hospitals, condominiums, offices, etc. Different techniques are adopted to determine the two main translational fundamental periods in orthogonal directions of considered structures including Horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio, Fourier spectrum analysis, and Half-power bandwidth method, and all considered methods show comparable results, and the empirical formulas are proposed. In order to validate this finding, the estimated fundamental periods of two instrumented hospitals from local and regional earthquakes give similar results to the proposed empirical formulas. In addition, artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been adopted to train and predict the fundamental period using the newly compiled database. For the same RC structures, the soil-structure interaction in Bangkok leading to a longer fundamental period than those reported in published literatures.
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Journal articlePan X, Yang TTY, Li J, et al., 2025,
A review of recent advances in data-driven computer vision methods for structural damage evaluation: algorithms, applications, challenges, and future opportunities
, ARCHIVES OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING, ISSN: 1134-3060- Cite
- Citations: 2
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Journal articleZahra F, Málaga-Chuquitaype C, 2025,
Hazard-consistent performance comparison of ASCE and Eurocode-compliant steel moment frames
, Engineering Structures, Vol: 326, ISSN: 0141-0296Seismic design codes are fundamental to the provision of safe infrastructure in earthquake-prone regions. At the moment of writing this paper, the European standard for seismic design (Eurocode 8) is in its final voting phase after undergoing important changes. This paper evaluates the consequences of the changes introduced in the upcoming Eurocode 8 against its current version and its American counterpart using a fair and hazard-consistent comparative framework. To this end, 16 steel moment resisting frames of different geometries are designed in accordance with each code. The resulting 48 frames are subjected to a series of 596 strong ground-motions carefully selected to be consistent with their design hazard, and the outcomes of these extensive analyses are presented as structural demand hazard curves for peak drifts and residual deformations. Our results reveal that, when assessed from a hazard-consistent perspective, European designs remain over-conservative in comparison with the designs adhering to the American standards, which are also perceived to be clearer and simpler, despite the important changes introduced in the new version of Eurocode 8. Our results also stress in quantifiable terms the marked limitations of current prescriptive design codes to guarantee reasonably similar demands are experienced by structures designed to the same level of performance requirement.
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Journal articleYang J, Wadee MA, Gardner L, 2025,
Strengthening of steel I-section beams by wire arc additive manufacturing – concept and experiments
, Engineering Structures, Vol: 332, ISSN: 0141-0296An experimental investigation to assess the major-axis flexural behaviour of 10 hot-rolled steel I-sectionbeams, strengthened by the addition of material through wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) and testedunder either four-point or three-point bending conditions, is presented in this study. The ability of WAAM topre-camber hot-rolled steel I-section beams, as well as to enhance their bending moment resistance and initialelastic stiffness, has been demonstrated. The geometry of the strengthened beam specimens, including theinitial imperfections and pre-camber, were obtained by means of 3D laser scanning. Complementary materialtesting was conducted to obtain the mechanical properties of both the hot-rolled and WAAM steel undermonotonic tensile loading. The experimental results showed that significant pre-cambers of approximately1/200 of the span of the beam could be achieved with only a 2.6% increase in mass. Moreover, increasesof between 11.5% and 33.2% in the ultimate bending moment resistance, and increases of between 8.7%and 35.9% in the initial stiffness, were achieved for increases in mass of between just 2.6% and 12.3%. Thepresented WAAM-strengthening approach can be employed for the strengthening, repair and retrofittingof steel beams in service, as well as for the fabrication of hybrid steel members with improved flexuralbehaviour in new structures.
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Conference paperNayel AG, Málaga-Chuquitaype C, Macorini L, 2025,
Mesoscale Simulation of Unreinforced Masonry Walls to Blast Loads
, Pages: 404-416, ISSN: 2366-2557Masonry is a composite anisotropic material characterised by a quasi-brittle response. A realistic representation of various complex local phenomena, such as brick sliding and separation, is needed to accurately model masonry structures, especially when subjected to extreme actions, like blast loads generated from malicious or accidental explosions. Since mortar layers and brick-mortar interfaces act as weak planes where cracks initiate and propagate, they control the ultimate response of unreinforced masonry (URM). For these reasons, a detailed mesoscale modelling approach that considers the characteristics of the brick-mortar interfaces is used in this study to investigate the response of URM walls under blast loads. The influence of various interface parameters, brick-unit characteristics, blast-load intensity, and boundary conditions is examined through parametric and sensitivity analyses. It was found that friction between brick units is the most critical characteristic for accurately modelling the interface between units. The outputs of this study will help better understand the behaviour of URM structures under blast loads, leading to improved design of appropriate protective measures.
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Conference paperZhang Y, Lavan O, Malaga-Chuquitaype C, 2025,
Mixed Lagrangian Formalism and Optimization of Inerter-Based Energy Harvesting Devices
, 3rd International Workshop on Energy Based Seismic Engineering-IWEBSE, Publisher: SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG, Pages: 385-399, ISSN: 2366-2557 -
Journal articleBicer M, Phillips ATM, Melis A, et al., 2024,
Generative adversarial networks to create synthetic motion capture datasets including subject and gait characteristics
, Journal of Biomechanics, Vol: 177, ISSN: 0021-9290Resource-intensive motion capture (mocap) systems challenge predictive deep learning applications, requiring large and diverse datasets. We tackled this by modifying generative adversarial networks (GANs) into conditional GANs (cGANs) that can generate diverse mocap data, including 15 marker trajectories, lower limb joint angles, and 3D ground reaction forces (GRFs), based on specified subject and gait characteristics. The cGAN comprised 1) an encoder compressing mocap data to a latent vector, 2) a decoder reconstructing the mocap data from the latent vector with specific conditions and 3) a discriminator distinguishing random vectors with conditions from encoded latent vectors with conditions. Single-conditional models were trained separately for age, sex, leg length, mass, and walking speed, while an additional model (Multi-cGAN) combined all conditions simultaneously to generate synthetic data. All models closely replicated the training dataset (<8.1 % of the gait cycle different between experimental and synthetic kinematics and GRFs), while a subset with narrow condition ranges was best replicated by the Multi-cGAN, producing similar kinematics (<1°) and GRFs (<0.02 body-weight) averaged by walking speeds. Multi-cGAN also generated synthetic datasets for three previous studies using reported mean and standard deviation of subject and gait characteristics. Additionally, unseen test data was best predicted by the walking speed-conditional, showcasing synthetic data diversity. The same model also matched the dynamical consistency of the experimental data (32 % average difference throughout the gait cycle), meaning that transforming the gait cycle data to the original time domain yielded accurate derivative calculations. Importantly, synthetic data poses no privacy concerns, potentially facilitating data sharing.
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Journal articleShehzad MK, Forth JP, Nikitas N, et al., 2024,
Predicting the influence of restraint on reinforced concrete panels using finite element models developed from experimental data
, MECHANICS OF ADVANCED MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES, Vol: 31, Pages: 7655-7669, ISSN: 1537-6494- Cite
- Citations: 1
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Journal articleVicencio F, Torres-Olivares S, Miranda-Garnica M, et al., 2024,
Seismic assessment of SSSI effects between adjacent Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) buildings
, STRUCTURES, Vol: 69, ISSN: 2352-0124
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