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Journal articleSomveille M, Grainger-Hull J, Ferguson N, et al., 2025,
Consistent and scalable monitoring of birds and habitats along a coffee production intensity gradient
, Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation, Vol: 11, Pages: 686-700, ISSN: 2056-3485Land use change associated with agricultural intensification is a leading driver of biodiversity loss in the tropics. To evaluate the habitat–biodiversity relationship in production systems of tropical agricultural commodities, birds are commonly used as indicators. However, a consistent and reliable methodological approach for monitoring tropical avian communities and habitat quality in a way that is scalable is largely lacking. In this study, we examined whether the automated analysis of audio data collected by passive acoustic monitoring, together with the analysis of remote sensing data, can be used to efficiently monitor avian biodiversity along the gradient of habitat degradation associated with the intensification of coffee production. Coffee is an important crop produced in tropical forested regions, whose production is expanding and intensifying, and coffee production systems form a gradient of ecological complexity ranging from forest-like shaded polyculture to dense sun-exposed monoculture. We used LiDAR technology to survey the habitat, together with autonomous recording units and a vocalization classifier to assess bird community composition in a coffee landscape comprising a shade-grown coffee farm, a sun coffee farm and a forest remnant, located in southern Mexico. We found that LiDAR can capture relevant variation in vegetation across the habitat gradient in coffee systems, specifically matching the generally observed pattern that the intensification of coffee production is associated with a decrease in vegetation density and complexity. We also found that bioacoustics can capture known functional signatures of avian communities across this habitat degradation gradient. Thus, we show that these technologies can be used in a robust way to monitor how biodiversity responds to land use intensification in the tropics. A major advantage of this approach is that it has the potential to be deployed cost-effectively at large scales to help design and c
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Journal articleKeeping TR, Shepherd TG, Prentice IC, et al., 2025,
Influence of global climate modes on wildfire occurrence in the contiguous United States under recent and future climates
, Climate Dynamics, Vol: 64, ISSN: 0930-7575Predictable modes of climate variability, such as the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), have a major influence on regional weather patterns, an important control on wildfire occurrence. Although these global climate modes have been associated with historical variability in wildfire occurrence in the United States and are used to forecast seasonal wildfire risk, precise information about the spatial pattern and magnitude of their influence is lacking and the satellite record of wildfires is too short to address these issues. Here we use wildfire occurrence model with a large ensemble of 1600 simulated years from EC-Earth3 in a recent climate (2000–2009) and a future climate corresponding to + 2 °C global warming, to characterise the impact of specific climate modes on wildfire occurrence in the contiguous US. We show that ENSO, the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), and the 1-year lagged Tropical North Atlantic (TNA+1) have the greatest effect on annual fire occurrence—strongly contributed by the effect of these modes on hot, dry conditions in the Great Plains and precipitation in the southwestern US. El Niño is not significantly associated with wildfire occurrence in the northwestern US, contrary to expectation, but is associated with a later (earlier) wildfire season peak in the southwestern (southeastern) US. Under future warming, the AMO and PNA become a significant influence over most of the US, and the magnitude of impact of ENSO and TNA+1 increase strongly.
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Journal articleWardynska Z, Bennett H, Mahele XJM, et al., 2025,
Phenotypic variance in an acoustic signal: a potentially sexually selected behaviour in Cape Clapper Larks <i>Corypha apiata</i>
, OSTRICH, Vol: 96, Pages: 249-257, ISSN: 0030-6525 -
Journal articleOuyang Z, Jackson RB, Saunois M, et al., 2025,
The global hydrogen budget
, NATURE, Vol: 648, ISSN: 0028-0836 -
Journal articleZhang Z, Jones G, Calabrese S, et al., 2025,
An Integrated Modelling Framework to Determine Terrestrial Carbon Dioxide Removal via Enhanced Rock Weathering
, GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY, Vol: 31, ISSN: 1354-1013 -
Journal articleQi M, Bidartondo MI, Suz LM, et al., 2025,
Predicted Effects of Climate Change on Future Distributions of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi
, ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION, Vol: 15, ISSN: 2045-7758 -
Journal articleZhao H, Pye R, Walker G, et al., 2025,
Missense3D-PTMdb: a web tool for visualising and exploring human genetic variants and post-translational modification sites using alphafold models
, Journal of Molecular Biology, ISSN: 0022-2836Only a fraction of the >11 million missense variants identified in humans has a known clinical significance. Post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as phosphorylation, glycosylation and ubiquitination, are key regulators of protein function and structure. PTMs depend on correct protein folding and the recognition and binding of enzymes to specific amino acid motifs near modification sites. AlphaFold models provide an unprecedented opportunity to explore variants on 3D structures, enabling systematic identification of amino acid substitutions that could affect PTMs and should be further investigated experimentally.We present Missense3D-PTMdb, a “one-stop-shop” interactive web tool that provides a user-friendly sequence-structure mapping of 20,235 human proteins, 11,5 million naturally occurring human missense variants, >60 PTM types and 203,775 PTM residues and their neighbours in sequence and 3D structure space using AlphaFold models of the human proteome. The resource also supports visualisation of novel variants not in the database. Missense3D-PTMdb is freely available at https://missense3d.bc.ic.ac.uk/ptmdb.
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Journal articleFuhrmann E, Toda S, Leins J, et al., 2025,
Extended poly(A) tails are a shared feature of herpesvirus mRNAs.
, bioRxivPoly(A) tails are present on most cellular and viral mRNAs, providing a platform for poly(A)-binding proteins that stimulate translation and regulate the deadenylation and stability of transcripts in the cytoplasm. Here we leverage nanopore direct RNA sequencing to analyse the distribution of poly(A) tail lengths on cellular and viral mRNAs across Herpesviridae and other DNA and RNA virus infections. We find that herpesvirus mRNA poly(A) tails are consistently longer than those on cellular and other viral transcripts, presenting a previously unrecognized yet widespread mechanism to advantage herpesviral gene expression. This contrasts with the templated poly(A) tails on coronavirus RNAs and those on cytoplasmically transcribed poxviral mRNAs, which are more similar in length to those on host mRNAs. Herpesviral noncoding RNAs display differential poly(A) tailing patterns which do not correlate with nuclear localisation while individual herpesviral mRNAs also show variation in the extent to which their poly(A) tail lengths change during the virus lifecycle, suggestive of additional uncharacterised layers of poly(A) tail length regulation. Importantly, while we detect non-adenosine nucleotides within herpesviral poly(A) tails, which are known to oppose deadenylase activity, this "mixed tailing" is not at sufficient frequency to explain the widespread extended tails of herpesvirus mRNAs.
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Journal articleGee A, Werden LK, Verduzco-Salazar OE, et al., 2025,
Secondary succession of a seasonally dry tropical forest is taxonomically stochastic but functionally deterministic
, FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, Vol: 598, ISSN: 0378-1127 -
Journal articleRodrigues Lopes I, Alcantara LM, Lopez-Bravo M, et al., 2025,
Systematic identification of bacterial factors driving Staphylococcus aureus intracellular lifestyle in non-professional phagocytes
, Nature Communications, Vol: 16, ISSN: 2041-1723Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen responsible for severe infections. While traditionally described as extracellular, increasing evidence establishes S. aureus as a facultative intracellular pathogen. Intracellularity contributes to immune evasion, dissemination, and antibiotic failure. To identify bacterial factors critical for S. aureus invasion, intracellular replication, persistence, and host cytotoxicity, we screened a comprehensive collection of 1,920 S. aureus mutants (Nebraska transposon mutant library) in epithelial cells across five timepoints (0.5 to 48 hours post-infection). We identified 73 bacterial factors strongly modulating S. aureus intracellularity, including mutants displaying multiple phenotypes. Most of these factors have not been linked to intracellular lifestyle. Among these, we characterized the nicotinamidase PncA as a novel regulator of the agr system via redox state modulation, strongly impacting virulence. This study provides a systematic analysis of S. aureus factors critical for intracellular lifestyle, with implications for the development of antimicrobial strategies targeting this resilient bacterial population.
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Journal articleModiba MP, Bell T, Glick B, et al., 2025,
<i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i> and <i>Xanthomonas perforans</i> as Causal Agents of Bacterial Disease of Tomato
, MICROBIOLOGYOPEN, Vol: 14, ISSN: 2045-8827 -
Journal articleRappuoli R, Puglia AM, Pizza M, 2025,
Editorial: Expert opinions: save the microbes to save the planet
, FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY, Vol: 16 -
Journal articleHosack GR, El-Hachem M, Ickowicz A, et al., 2025,
Prediction of mosquito vector abundance for three species in the <i>Anopheles gambiae</i> complex
, PARASITES & VECTORS, Vol: 18, ISSN: 1756-3305 -
Journal articleDeelen L, Mitchell Z, Demurtas M, et al., 2025,
Hominoid-specific transposable elements reshaped neural crest migration in craniofacial development
, Molecular Systems Biology, Vol: 21, Pages: 1731-1747, ISSN: 1744-4292Craniofacial development is evolutionarily conserved, yet subtle changes in its regulatory network drive species-specific traits. Transposable elements (TEs) contribute to genome evolution, but their role in cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) remains unclear. Here, we investigate the domestication of hominoid-specific TEs (LTR5Hs and SVAs) as enhancers during human CNCC specification, a process critical for vertebrate craniofacial development. Using human iPSC-derived CNCCs, we identified ~515 hominoid-specific TEs functioning as enhancers, including ~250 human-specific, predominantly LTR5Hs. These elements are enriched for CNCC coordinator motifs, are bound by the CNCC signature factor TWIST1, and their enhancer activity appears largely CNCC-specific. CRISPR-interference targeting ~75% of these active TEs led to widespread transcriptional dysregulation of genes involved in neural crest migration, and two orthogonal functional assays confirmed that CNCC migration is impaired upon TE repression. Finally, genes near human-specific TEs showed higher expression in human CNCCs compared to chimpanzee CNCCs, but TE repression restored gene expression to chimpanzee levels. These findings highlight how young TEs were domesticated to fine-tune CNCC regulatory networks, potentially contributing to lineage-specific craniofacial evolution.
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Journal articleTsitsa I, Conev A, David A, et al., 2025,
The aging of the AlphaFold database
, Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Vol: 32, Pages: 2374-2376, ISSN: 1545-9993The AlphaFold database, released in 2022, modeled UniProt sequences from April 2021 and now provides 200 million predicted protein structures. Of the 20,504 full-length predicted human structures, 631 entries conflict with the June 2025 UniProt release. Similar conflicts across species highlight how bioinformatics resources can rapidly age.
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Journal articleDemurtas M, Barnada S, van Domselaar E, et al., 2025,
Neural crest induction requires SALL4-mediated BAF recruitment to lineage specific enhancers
, Development, Vol: 152, ISSN: 0950-1991Neural crest induction begins early during neural plate formation, requiring precise transcriptional control to activate lineage-specific enhancers. Here, we demonstrate that SALL4, a transcription factor associated with syndromes featuring craniofacial anomalies, plays a critical role in early cranial neural crest (CNCC) specification. Using SALL4-het-KO human iPSCs to model clinical haploinsufficiency, we show that SALL4 directly recruits BAF to CNCC-lineage specific enhancers at the neuroectodermal stage, specifically when neural crest gene expression is induced at the neural plate border. Without functional SALL4, BAF is not loaded at chromatin, leaving CNCC enhancers inaccessible. Consequently, the cells cannot undergo proper CNCC induction and specification due to persistent enhancer repression, despite normal neuroectodermal and neural plate progression. Moreover, by performing SALL4 isoform-specific depletion, we demonstrate that the SALL4A is the isoform essential for CNCC induction and specification, and that SALL4B cannot compensate for SALL4A loss in this developmental process. In summary, our findings reveal SALL4 as essential regulator of BAF-dependent enhancer activation during early stages of neural crest development, providing molecular insights into SALL4-associated craniofacial anomalies.
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Journal articleWinder LA, Gadsby JH, Wellman E, et al., 2025,
Separating the genetic and environmental drivers of body temperature during the development of endothermy in an altricial bird
, JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY, ISSN: 1010-061X -
Journal articleVictor Ribeiro Amaral A, Sykulski A, Fielding S, et al., 2025,
Navigating challenges in spatio-temporal modelling of Antarctic krill abundance: addressing zero-inflated data and misaligned covariates
, Spatial Statistics, Vol: 70, ISSN: 2211-6753Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) are among the most abundant species on our planet and serve as a vital food source for many marine predators in the Southern Ocean. In this paper, we utilise statistical spatio-temporal methods to combine data from various sources and resolutions, aiming to model krill abundance. Our focus lies in fitting the model to a dataset comprising acoustic measurements of krill biomass. To achieve this, we integrate climate covariates obtained from satellite imagery and from drifting surface buoys (also known as drifters). Additionally, we use sparsely collected krill biomass data obtained from net fishing efforts (KRILLBASE) for validation. However, integrating these multiple heterogeneous data sources presents significant modelling challenges, including spatio-temporal misalignment and inflated zeros in the observed data. To address these challenges, we fit a Hurdle-Gamma model to jointly describe the occurrence of zeros and the krill biomass for the non-zero observations, while also accounting for misaligned and heterogeneous data sources, including drifters. Therefore, our work presents a comprehensive framework for analysing and predicting krill abundance in the Southern Ocean, leveraging information from various sources and formats. This is crucial due to the impact of krill fishing, as understanding their distribution is essential for informed management decisions and fishing regulations aimed at protecting the species.
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Journal articleSimoni A, Tolosana I, Bernardini F, 2025,
Genetic control strategies for population suppression in the Anopheles gambiae complex: a review of current technologies
, Current Opinion in Insect Science, Vol: 72, ISSN: 2214-5745Malaria continues to pose a critical public health threat, with mosquitoes from the Anopheles gambiae complex acting as the main vectors of the disease in sub-Saharan Africa, where approximately 95% of malaria-related deaths occur. Despite significant advancements in vector control, such as insecticide-treated bed nets and indoor spraying, the effectiveness of these interventions is increasingly compromised by various challenges, including rising levels of insecticide and pathogen resistance, mosquito behavioural adaptations, and persistent funding gaps. In this context, genetic vector control strategies have shown considerable promise, primarily based on findings from controlled laboratory studies. This review explores the development of these genetic approaches within the Anopheles gambiae complex and outlines future directions for their advancement and potential integration into malaria control efforts.
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Journal articleHeon SP, Bernard H, Ewers RM, 2025,
Decomposition dynamics of an orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus morio) carcass in a tropical forest: implications for conservation practices
, Ecology and Evolution, Vol: 15, ISSN: 2045-7758Over the past decade, more than 600 rehabilitated Bornean Orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus morio) have been released into protected forests in Borneo. Releasing rehabilitant Bornean Orangutans into the wild is a standard conservation practice, yet monitoring postrelease survival remains a challenge. Limited data exist on post release survival, with many individuals classified as “missing but presumed dead” due to the absence of a carcass for confirmation. Detecting carcasses in tropical forests is particularly difficult due to dense vegetation and the narrow time frame for observing remains before complete decomposition or scavenger removal. Here, we report the first documented observation of a wild adult female Bornean Orangutan carcass decomposing process in the Danum Valley Conservation Area, Malaysian Borneo, on 21 May 2023. The approximately 30 kg carcass was monitored using camera traps and field observations. Decomposition was assessed using Payne's (1965) decomposition framework, the Total Body Score (TBS) system, and Accumulated Degree Days (ADD) to evaluate the influence of ambient temperature on decay. Decomposition progressed to the dry-remains stage within 6 days, primarily driven by vertebrate scavengers such as the Asian water monitor lizard (Varanus salvator) and blow flies (Calliphoridae). This rapid decomposition rate challenges existing knowledge on the rate of decomposition of medium-sized carcasses (> 10 kg) and suggests that the common practice of weekly monitoring for post-release orangutans may be insufficient. Understanding decomposition processes and scavenger activity in tropical forests can improve carcass detection, refine mortality estimates for released Orangutans and other endangered species, and enhance conservation strategies for this critically endangered primate.
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Journal articleOhara A, Pengyue Z, Cao X, et al., 2025,
The impact of methanol concentration on recombinant protein glycosylation in Pichia pastoris SuperMan5
, Microbial Biotechnology, Vol: 18, ISSN: 1751-7907The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris (also known as Komagataella phaffii) is a prominent platform for recombinant protein production, offering benefits such as thermo- and osmotolerance, high-density growth, and efficient protein secretion. Its ability to metabolise methanol, an increasingly available carbon source, enhances its cost-effectiveness and sustainability for industrial use. As a eukaryotic host, P. pastoris ensures proper protein folding and post-translational modifications (PTMs), including glycosylation, which is essential for correct folding and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) quality control. While ER-transferred glycans are critical for maturation, additional modification in the Golgi apparatus can yield larger glycans whose impact on stability, solubility, and bioactivity may be either beneficial or undesirable, depending on the application of the heterologous protein. The impact of induction conditions on glycosylation of proteins secreted by P. pastoris SuperMan5 was examined, using the DS-1 (G2P[4]) and WA (G1P[8]) VP8* rotavirus capsid proteins as a model. An ELISA-based screening system was employed for clone selection and media optimization, with results showing easy integration into automated workflows. Methanol concentration was found to impact both N- and O-linked glycosylation complexity, shaping the glycosylation profile of the target protein as well as the P. pastoris secretome. This study underscores the importance of optimising cultivation conditions to enhance protein yield, refine glycosylation, and minimise impurities, all of which are crucial for large-scale production and efficient downstream processing. It also suggests a method for easy modulation of glycosylation depending on the target application and the desired level of glycosylation.
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Journal articleJessop A, Steyaert M, Daraghmeh N, et al., 2025,
A review of autonomous reef monitoring structures (ARMS) for monitoring hard-bottom benthic biodiversity
, METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION, ISSN: 2041-210X -
Journal articleMoulick D, Santra SC, Majumdar A, et al., 2025,
Efficacy of Seed Priming Technology in Ameliorating Metals and Metalloids Toxicity in Crops: Prospective and Issues
, REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY, Vol: 263, ISSN: 0179-5953 -
Journal articleEstrach S, Vivier C-M, Tosello L, et al., 2025,
Epithelial Fibronectin Meshwork Controls Skin Regeneration.
, J Invest Dermatol, Vol: 145, Pages: 3174-3186.e5Adult stem cell (SC) fate is tightly balanced by the local microenvironment, called niche, and sustains tissue regeneration. How niche signals are integrated and regulate regeneration remains largely unexplored. Fibronectin (FN) is a major extracellular matrix component and integrin ligand, whose role is well-characterized during wound healing. In this study, using the hair follicle as a mini organ that regenerates, we discovered a previously unreported role for FN in epidermal regeneration. Hair follicle SCs undergo long-term self-renewal and multilineage differentiation. We show that FN displays a highly specific enrichment in SCs at the onset of hair follicle regeneration. We reveal that FN tracks along the regenerating hair follicles, forming a meshwork. FN-conditional deletion in hair follicle SC compartments (LRIG1, keratin 19) leads to impaired SC location and fate. Loss of this meshwork is accompanied by hair regeneration blockade. Dermal injection of exogenous FN rescues these phenotypes. Analyzing the molecular mechanisms underlying FN function led us to identify integrin-dependent mechanotransduction as the main player in hair follicle regeneration, through YAP/Taz. Thus, in epithelial cells, FN-integrin-mechanotransduction finely tunes adult SC fate and tissue regenerative power.
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Journal articleDavydova S, Meccariello A, 2025,
Engineering new clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-mediated population control for tephritid pests
, CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE, Vol: 72, ISSN: 2214-5745 -
Journal articleBayliss N, Concilio M, Plucinski A, et al., 2025,
Self-Coacervation of Oligo(ethylene glycol) and Oligo(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)-Based Double Hydrophilic Brush Block Copolymers in Aqueous Solution.
, Macromol Rapid Commun, Vol: 46Coacervates are a highly relevant class of structures formed via liquid-liquid phase separation and new coacervate-forming polymers are highly sought after. Here, the formation of simple coacervate droplets from a double hydrophilic block copolymer (DHBC) with the combination of poly(oligo ethylene glycol methacrylate) (POEGMA) and poly(oligo 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline methacrylate) (POEtOx) without the use of external triggers or charges is shown. At a high concentration of 25 wt.%, the DHBC forms coacervate droplets with sizes in the low micrometre range. The droplets have relatively high stability over a long period of time with only minor coalescence observed after 4 weeks. At low concentrations, no coacervation is observed. Furthermore, copolymers of the monomers also do not show coacervation clearly indicating that the DHBC architecture is required to form the desired structures. The addition of guest polymers and biomacromolecules at low concentrations shows a specific partitioning behaviour with a preference for the polymer or the aqueous phase. At high guest concentrations, enrichment in the aqueous phase is observed, in line with common water-in-water (w/w) emulsions. These findings constitute a new direction for coacervate systems that are of interest for biotechnology, synthetic cell environment mimics and drug delivery.
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Journal articleCarlos BC, Voges K, Affonso PHDA, et al., 2025,
Metabolic reprogramming and gut microbiota ecology drive divergent Plasmodium vivax infection outcomes in Anopheles darlingi.
, PLoS Pathog, Vol: 21Anopheles darlingi is the principal malaria vector in the Amazon basin, where Plasmodium vivax accounts for the majority of cases. Despite its epidemiological importance, the molecular and microbial determinants of A. darlingi susceptibility to P. vivax remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated vector-parasite-microbiota interactions using experimental infections with field-derived P. vivax gametocytaemic blood, which produced two distinct infection phenotypes: low and high oocyst burdens. Transcriptomic profiling of mosquito midguts across key parasite developmental timepoints revealed that low-infection mosquitoes mounted an early and sustained response characterised by activation of detoxification pathways, redox regulation, aromatic amino acid catabolism, and purine depletion, likely coordinated through neurophysiological cues, which collectively create a metabolically restrictive environment for parasite development. These physiological changes were accompanied by reduced bacterial diversity and enrichment of Enterobacteriales and Pseudomonadales, taxa previously linked to anti-Plasmodium activity. Conversely, high-infection mosquitoes exhibited limited metabolic reprogramming, expansion of Flavobacteriales, and transcriptional signatures consistent with permissive physiological states, potentially associated with reproductive trade-offs. Importantly, low infection outcomes consistently arose from bloodmeals with the lowest gametocyte densities, suggesting that host- and parasite-derived components of the bloodmeal act as early conditioning factors that prime the mosquito midgut for either resistance or susceptibility. These findings reframe A. darlingi vector competence to P. vivax not as a fixed immune trait but as a dynamic outcome of early redox, metabolic, and microbial interactions. They also highlight ecological and physiological targets for transmission-blocking strategies and reinforce the importance of studying vector-parasite interactions in re
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Journal articleGilestro GF, 2025,
AI reviewers are here - we are not ready.
, Nature, Vol: 648 -
Journal articleMustri MP, Duan Q, Pawar S, 2025,
Accuracy of the Lotka-Volterra model fails in strongly coupled microbial consumer-resource systems
, PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY, Vol: 21, ISSN: 1553-734X -
Journal articleDhar A, Sengupta K, Dey S, et al., 2025,
Efficacy of seed priming and foliar application of seaweed extracts on the performance of summer mung bean [(<i>Vigna radiata</i> (L.) Wilczek]
, Scientific Reports, Vol: 15, ISSN: 2045-2322In modern agricultural scenarios, the application of various seaweed-based biostimulants has been recognized for its positive effects on improving crop growth, yield, nutrient uptake, and overall quality across a wide range of crops. Hence, a 2-year field experiment (2023–2024) was conducted in the Instructional Farm of Sasya Shyamala Krishi Vigyan Kendra, RKMVERI falling under the Coastal Saline Agroclimatic Zone of West Bengal to assess the impact of Kappaphycus alvarezii seaweed extract on mung bean (cv. Virat), applied via seed priming and foliar spray under eight nutrient management treatments in a Randomized Complete Block Design. The combined application of the recommended dose of fertilizers (RDFNPK) and seaweed extract through seed priming, and two foliar sprays significantly enhanced shoot and root growth, chlorophyll content, yield-attributing traits, and seed yield, achieving a 30.03% and 28.81% increase in 2023 and 2024, respectively. This treatment also improved macronutrient (N, P, K) uptake and produced the highest crude protein content (26.67% in 2023 and 26.13% in 2024). While seed nutrient uptake was maximized, stover nutrient uptake varied between sole and combined seaweed applications. The highest net return (₹ 21,013/ha and ₹ 26,558/ha) was recorded from this treatment, whereas the best incremental cost–benefit ratio (21.49 and 25.08) was noted with seed priming and a single foliar spray of seaweed extract alongside RDFNPK. Overall, integrating seaweed extract through seed priming and foliar spray with RDFNPK presents a resource-efficient, economically viable strategy for enhancing mung bean productivity and nutritional quality in coastal saline regions.
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