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Conference paperMalone L, Cardin M-A, Cilliers JJ, et al., 2023,
Exploring Novel Architectures in Lunar In-Situ Resource Utilisation
, Brisbane, Australia, 26th World Mining Congress -
Journal articleRuan H, Barreras JV, Engstrom T, et al., 2023,
Lithium-ion battery lifetime extension: A review of derating methods
, Journal of Power Sources, Vol: 563, ISSN: 0378-7753Extending lithium-ion battery lifetime is essential for mainstream uptake of electric vehicles. However, battery degradation is complex and involves coupling of underpinning electrochemical, thermal and mechanical processes, with behaviours varying based on chemistry, operating conditions and design. Derating is an attractive approach for extending lifetime due to ease of implementation, however, uncertainties remain around the optimal approach and their impacts. In this paper, we present a critical review of derating methods; dividing approaches into dynamic or static approaches based on whether the derated parameters changed with battery aging or not. Furthermore, we analyse and comment on approaches which are classified as being either heuristic or model-based. Analysis, comparison, and discussion around the derating sub-categories are presented towards highlighting underpinning insights of derating. Benefits and impacts of derating are quantified, and challenges with implementation are identified along with identification of research gaps, practical considerations and perspectives for future directions.
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Journal articleCaputo C, Cardin MA, Ge P, et al., 2023,
Design and planning of flexible mobile Micro-Grids using Deep Reinforcement Learning
, Applied Energy, Vol: 335, ISSN: 0306-2619Ongoing risks from climate change have significantly impacted the livelihood of global nomadic communities and are likely to lead to increased migratory movements in coming years. As a result, mobility considerations are becoming increasingly important in energy systems planning, particularly to achieve energy access in developing countries. Advanced “Plug and Play” control strategies have been recently developed with such a decentralized framework in mind, allowing easier interconnection of nomadic communities, both to each other and to the main grid. Considering the above, the design and planning strategy of a mobile multi-energy supply system for a nomadic community is investigated in this work. Motivated by the scale and dimensionality of the associated uncertainties, impacting all major design and decision variables over the 30-year planning horizon, Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) Flexibility Analysis is implemented for the design and planning problem. DRL based solutions are benchmarked against several rigid baseline design options to compare expected performance under uncertainty. The results on a case study for ger communities in Mongolia suggest that mobile nomadic energy systems can be both technically and economically feasible, particularly when considering flexibility, although the degree of spatial dispersion among households is an important limiting factor. Additionally, the DRL based policies lead to the development of dynamic evolution and adaptability strategies, which can be used by the targeted communities under a very wide range of potential scenarios. Key economic, sustainability and resilience indicators such as Cost, Equivalent Emissions and Total Unmet Load are measured, suggesting potential improvements compared to available baselines of up to 25%, 67% and 76%, respectively. Finally, the decomposition of values of flexibility and plug and play operation is presented using a variation of real options theory, with important impl
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Journal articleSaiger MJ, Deterding S, Gega L, 2023,
Children and Young People's Involvement in Designing Applied Games: Scoping Review.
, JMIR Serious Games, Vol: 11, ISSN: 2291-9279BACKGROUND: User involvement is widely accepted as key for designing effective applied games for health. This especially holds true for children and young people as target audiences, whose abilities, needs, and preferences can diverge substantially from those of adult designers and players. Nevertheless, there is little shared knowledge about how concretely children and young people have been involved in the design of applied games, let alone consensus guidance on how to do so effectively. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this scoping review was to describe which user involvement methods have been used in the design of applied games with children and young people, how these methods were implemented, and in what roles children and young people were involved as well as what factors affected their involvement. METHODS: We conducted a systematic literature search and selection across the ACM Digital Library, IEEE Xplore, Scopus, and Web of Science databases using State of the Art through Systematic Review software for screening, selection, and data extraction. We then conducted a qualitative content analysis on the extracted data using NVivo. RESULTS: We retrieved 1085 records, of which 47 (4.33%) met the eligibility criteria. The chief involvement methods were participatory design (20/47, 43%) and co-design (16/47, 37%), spanning a wide range of 45 concrete activities with paper prototyping, group discussions, and playtesting being the most frequent. In only half of the studies (24/47, 51%), children and young people participated as true design partners. Our qualitative content analysis suggested 5 factors that affect their successful involvement: comprehension, cohesion, confidence, accessibility, and time constraints. CONCLUSIONS: Co-design, participatory design, and similar high-level labels that are currently used in the field gloss over very uneven degrees of participation in design and a wide variety of implementations that greatly affect actual user involvement. This field
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Journal articleLabazanova L, Peng S, Qiu L, et al., 2023,
Self-Reconfigurable Soft-Rigid Mobile Agent With Variable Stiffness and Adaptive Morphology
, IEEE ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LETTERS, Vol: 8, Pages: 1643-1650, ISSN: 2377-3766 -
Journal articleCamara O, Xu Q, Park J, et al., 2023,
Effect of Low Environmental Pressure on Sintering Behavior of NASICON-Type Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 Solid Electrolytes: An In Situ ESEM Study.
, Cryst Growth Des, Vol: 23, Pages: 1522-1529, ISSN: 1528-7483Solid-state sintering at high temperatures is commonly used to densify solid electrolytes. Yet, optimizing phase purity, structure, and grain sizes of solid electrolytes is challenging due to the lack of understanding of relevant processes during sintering. Here, we use an in situ environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) to monitor the sintering behavior of NASICON-type Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP) at low environmental pressures. Our results show that while no major morphological changes are observed at 10-2 Pa and only coarsening is induced at 10 Pa, environmental pressures of 300 and 750 Pa lead to the formation of typically sintered LATP electrolytes. Furthermore, the use of pressure as an additional parameter in sintering allows the grain size and shape of electrolyte particles to be controlled.
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Journal articleYu X, Baker C, Brown M, et al., 2023,
In-depth Bicycle Collision Reconstruction: from A Crash Helmet to Brain Injury Evaluation
, Bioengineering, ISSN: 2306-5354 -
Journal articleBurge T, Jeffers J, Myant C, 2023,
Applying machine learning methods to enable automatic customisation of knee replacement implants from CT data
, Scientific Reports, ISSN: 2045-2322 -
Conference paperBermudez J, Nyrup R, Deterding S, et al., 2023,
What is a subliminal technique? An ethical perspective for artificial intelligence systems
, IEEE ETHICS-2023 -
Journal articleSmith N, Peters D, Jay C, et al., 2023,
Off-World Mental Health: Considerations for the Design of Well-being-Supportive Technologies for Deep Space Exploration.
, JMIR Form Res, Vol: 7During future long-duration space exploration missions, humans will be exposed to combinations of extreme physical, psychological, and interpersonal demands. These demands create risks for the safety, performance, health, and well-being of both individuals and crew. The communication latency in deep space means that explorers will increasingly have to operate independently and take responsibility for their own self-care and self-management. At present, several research programs are focused on developing and testing digital technologies and countermeasures that support the effective functioning of deep space crews. Although promising, these initiatives have been stimulated mostly by technological opportunity rather than cogent theory. In this perspective, we argue that digital technologies developed for spaceflight should be informed by well-being-supportive design principles and be cognizant of broader conversations around the development and use of digital health applications, especially pertaining to issues of autonomy, privacy, and trust. These issues are important for designing potentially mission-critical health technologies and may be determining factors in the safe and successful completion of future off-world endeavors.
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Journal articleChard I, Van Zalk N, Picinali L, 2023,
Virtual reality exposure therapy for reducing social anxiety in stuttering: A randomized controlled pilot trial
, Frontiers in Digital Health, Vol: 5We report on findings from the first randomized controlled pilot trial of virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) developed specifically for reducing social anxiety associated with stuttering. People who stutter with heightened social anxiety were recruited from online adverts and randomly allocated to receive VRET (n = 13) or be put on a waitlist (n = 12). Treatment was delivered remotely using a smartphone-based VR headset. It consisted of three weekly sessions, each comprising both performative and interactive exposure exercises, and was guided by a virtual therapist. Multilevel model analyses failed to demonstrate the effectiveness of VRET at reducing social anxiety between pre- and post-treatment. We found similar results for fear of negative evaluation, negative thoughts associated with stuttering, and stuttering characteristics. However, VRET was associated with reduced social anxiety between post-treatment and one-month follow-up. These pilot findings suggest that our current VRET protocol may not be effective at reducing social anxiety amongst people who stutter, though might be capable of supporting longer-term change. Future VRET protocols targeting stuttering-related social anxiety should be explored with larger samples. The results from this pilot trial provide a solid basis for further design improvements and for future research to explore appropriate techniques for widening access to social anxiety treatments in stuttering.
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Journal articleChard I, van Zalk N, Picinali L, 2023,
Virtual reality exposure therapy for reducing social anxiety in stuttering: a randomized controlled pilot trial
, Frontiers in Digital Health, Vol: 5, Pages: 1-14, ISSN: 2673-253XWe report on findings from the first randomized controlled pilot trial of virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) developed specifically for reducing social anxiety associated with stuttering. People who stutter with heightened social anxiety were recruited from online adverts and randomly allocated to receive VRET (n = 13) or be put on a waitlist (n = 12). Treatment was delivered remotely using a smartphone-based VR headset. It consisted of three weekly sessions, each comprising both performative and interactive exposure exercises, and was guided by a virtual therapist. Multilevel model analyses failed to demonstrate the effectiveness of VRET at reducing social anxiety between pre- and post-treatment. We found similar results for fear of negative evaluation, negative thoughts associated with stuttering, and stuttering characteristics. However, VRET was associated with reduced social anxiety between post-treatment and one-month follow-up. These pilot findings suggest that our current VRET protocol may not be effective at reducing social anxiety amongst people who stutter, though might be capable of supporting longer-term change. Future VRET protocols targeting stuttering-related social anxiety should be explored with larger samples. The results from this pilot trial provide a solid basis for further design improvements and for future research to explore appropriate techniques for widening access to social anxiety treatments in stuttering.
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Journal articleYu X, Baker CE, Ghajari M, 2023,
Head impact location, speed and angle from falls and trips in the workplace
, Annals of Biomedical Engineering, Pages: 1-16, ISSN: 0090-6964Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common injury in the workplace. Trips and falls are the leading causes of TBI in the workplace. However, industrial safety helmets are not designed for protecting the head under these impact conditions. Instead, they are designed to pass the regulatory standards which test head protection against falling heavy and sharp objects. This is likely to be due to the limited understanding of head impact conditions from trips and falls in workplace. In this study, we used validated human multi-body models to predict the head impact location, speed and angle (measured from the ground) during trips, forward falls and backward falls. We studied the effects of worker size, initial posture, walking speed, width and height of the tripping barrier, bracing and falling height on the head impact conditions. Overall, we performed 1692 simulations. The head impact speed was over two folds larger in falls than trips, with backward falls producing highest impact speeds. However, the trips produced impacts with smaller impact angles to the ground. Increasing the walking speed increased the head impact speed but bracing reduced it. We found that 41% of backward falls and 19% of trips/forward falls produced head impacts located outside the region of helmet coverage. Next, we grouped all the data into three sub-groups based on the head impact angle: [0°, 30°], (30°, 60°] and (60°, 90°] and excluded groups with small number of cases. We found that most trips and forward falls lead to impact angles within the (30°, 60°] and (60°, 90°] groups while all backward falls produced impact angles within (60°, 90°] group. We therefore determined five representative head impact conditions from these groups by selecting the 75th percentile speed, mean value of angle intervals and median impact location (determined by elevation and azimuth angles) of each group. This led to two representative head impact conditions for trip
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Journal articleCalvo RA, Peters D, Moradbakhti L, et al., 2023,
Assessing the feasibility of a text-based conversational agent for asthma support: protocol for a mixed methods observational study
, JMIR Research Protocols, Vol: 12, Pages: 9-9, ISSN: 1929-0748BACKGROUND: Despite efforts, the UK death rate from asthma is the highest in Europe, and 65% of people with asthma in the United Kingdom do not receive the professional care they are entitled to. Experts have recommended the use of digital innovations to help address the issues of poor outcomes and lack of care access. An automated SMS text messaging-based conversational agent (ie, chatbot) created to provide access to asthma support in a familiar format via a mobile phone has the potential to help people with asthma across demographics and at scale. Such a chatbot could help improve the accuracy of self-assessed risk, improve asthma self-management, increase access to professional care, and ultimately reduce asthma attacks and emergencies. OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study are to determine the feasibility and usability of a text-based conversational agent that processes a patient's text responses and short sample voice recordings to calculate an estimate of their risk for an asthma exacerbation and then offers follow-up information for lowering risk and improving asthma control; assess the levels of engagement for different groups of users, particularly those who do not access professional services and those with poor asthma control; and assess the extent to which users of the chatbot perceive it as helpful for improving their understanding and self-management of their condition. METHODS: We will recruit 300 adults through four channels for broad reach: Facebook, YouGov, Asthma + Lung UK social media, and the website Healthily (a health self-management app). Participants will be screened, and those who meet inclusion criteria (adults diagnosed with asthma and who use WhatsApp) will be provided with a link to access the conversational agent through WhatsApp on their mobile phones. Participants will be sent scheduled and randomly timed messages to invite them to engage in dialogue about their asthma risk during the period of study. After a data collection period (28
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Journal articleDemirel P, Wainwright T, 2023,
Multiple logics in financialization? Moving to carbon sustainability in build-to-rent development
, Environment and Planning A, Vol: 55, Pages: 22-45, ISSN: 0308-518XReal-estate has become an integral part of financialised economies, but while scholars have turned to examine the emergence of carbon markets, the role of carbon in real-estate finance has been broadly overlooked. Real-estate as a sector has been historically slow to innovate, particularly in response to pressure from climate change. More recently, the attitude of UK build-to-rent (BTR) developers to carbon is changing, partly due to global initiatives including the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs), but also pressure from institutional investors. In this paper, we provide nuanced insight into the emergence of new logics within financialisation's governance in the UK BTR sector and examine how investors attempt to steer developers into adopting low carbon building materials and designs, while identifying barriers. First, we highlight the multiplicity of financialisation's logics wrapped within assets, highlighting the presence of a carbon logic, which creates pressure for low-carbon activity. Second, we contribute to debates on assetisation and financialisation by examining the tools and knowledge used to create low-carbon real-estate assets, and how carbon attributes are ‘retrofitted’ into existing asset classes.
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Journal articleZhao S, Haskell WB, Cardin M-A, 2023,
A flexible system design approach for multi-facility capacity expansion problems with risk aversion
, IISE Transactions, Vol: 55, Pages: 187-200, ISSN: 2472-5854This paper studies a model for risk aversion when designing a flexible capacity expansion plan for a multi-facility system. In this setting, the decision maker can dynamically expand the capacity of each facility given observations of uncertain demand. We model this situation as a multi-stage stochastic programming problem, and we express risk aversion through the conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) and a mean-CVaR objective. We optimize the multi-stage problem over a tractable family of if–then decision rules using a decomposition algorithm. This algorithm decomposes the stochastic program over scenarios and updates the solutions via the subgradients of the function of cumulative future costs. To illustrate the practical effectiveness of this method, we present a numerical study of a decentralized waste-to-energy system in Singapore. The simulation results show that the risk-averse model can improve the tail risk of investment losses by adjusting the weight factors of the mean-CVaR objective. The simulations also demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can converge to high-performance policies within a reasonable time, and that it is also more scalable than existing flexible design approaches.
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Journal articleRaja AA, Pinson P, Kazempour J, et al., 2023,
A market for trading forecasts: A wagering mechanism
, International Journal of Forecasting, ISSN: 0169-2070 -
Journal articleCutting J, Deterding S, Demediuk S, et al., 2023,
Difficulty-skill balance does not affect engagement and enjoyment: a pre-registered study using artificial intelligence-controlled difficulty
, Royal Society Open Science, Vol: 10, Pages: 1-15, ISSN: 2054-5703How does the difficulty of a task affect people's enjoyment and engagement? Intrinsic motivation and flow theories posit a 'goldilocks' optimum where task difficulty matches performer skill, yet current work is confounded by questionable measurement practices and lacks scalable methods to manipulate objective difficulty-skill ratios. We developed a two-player tactical game test suite with an artificial intelligence (AI)-controlled opponent that uses a variant of the Monte Carlo Tree Search algorithm to precisely manipulate difficulty-skill ratios. A pre-registered study (n = 311) showed that our AI produced targeted difficulty-skill ratios without participants noticing the manipulation, yet different ratios had no significant impact on enjoyment or engagement. This indicates that difficulty-skill balance does not always affect engagement and enjoyment, but that games with AI-controlled difficulty provide a useful paradigm for rigorous future work on this issue.
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Journal articleTillfors M, Van Zalk N, Boersma K, et al., 2023,
Longitudinal links between adolescent social anxiety and depressive symptoms: Stressful experiences at home, in school and with peers
, Nordic Psychology, ISSN: 0029-1463Social anxiety and depressive symptoms often co-occur during early adolescence but contributing factors to this development are still a matter of debate. This study examined the role of daily stressors (peers, school and homelife) in the links between adolescent social anxiety and depressive symptoms. 7-8th graders at Time 1 (N = 2,752, Mage = 13.65; 47.5% girls) were followed across three time-points. Cross-lagged path models showed that depressive symptoms predicted later social anxiety, but not vice versa. Bidirectional links were identified between peer stress and social anxiety, and between school/homelife stress and depressive symptoms, respectively. Indirect effects of social anxiety, depressive symptoms, and daily stressors were found, though stressors did not mediate the links between social anxiety and depressive symptoms (or vice versa). Our findings indicate an intricate role of daily stressors in different domains on the links between social anxiety and depressive symptoms.
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Conference paperSikhwal R, Aurisicchio M, 2023,
Circular Consumption of Household Water: A Critical Literature Review
, Product Lifetimes and the Environment Conference 2023 -
Conference paperNanayakkara T, Zhou H, Yang S, et al., 2023,
A method to use haptic feedback of laryngoscope force vector for endotracheal intubation training
, IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation : ICRA, Publisher: IEEE, ISSN: 2152-4092 -
Journal articleHe R, Xie W, Wu B, et al., 2023,
Towards interactional management for power batteries of electric vehicles
, RSC Advances: an international journal to further the chemical sciences, Vol: 13, Pages: 2036-2056, ISSN: 2046-2069With the ever-growing digitalization and mobility of electric transportation, lithium-ion batteries are facing performance and safety issues with the appearance of new materials and the advance of manufacturing techniques. This paper presents a systematic review of burgeoning multi-scale modelling and design for battery efficiency and safety management. The rise of cloud computing provides a tactical solution on how to efficiently achieve the interactional management and control of power batteries based on the battery system and traffic big data. The potential of selecting adaptive strategies in emerging digital management is covered systematically from principles and modelling, to machine learning. Specifically, multi-scale optimization is expounded in terms of materials, structures, manufacturing and grouping. The progress on modelling, state estimation and management methods is summarized and discussed in detail. Moreover, this review demonstrates the innovative progress of machine learning based data analysis in battery research so far, laying the foundation for future cloud and digital battery management to develop reliable onboard applications.
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Journal articleCutting J, Deterding S, Demediuk S, et al., 2023,
Difficulty-skill balance does not affect engagement and enjoyment: A pre-registered study using AI-controlled difficulty
, Royal Society Open Science, ISSN: 2054-5703How does the difficulty of a task affect people’s enjoyment and engagement? Intrinsic motivation and flow theories posit a ‘goldilocks’ optimum where task difficulty matches performer skill, yet current work is confounded by questionable measurement practices and lacks scalable methods to manipulate objective difficulty-skill ratios. We developed a 2-player tactical game test suite with an AI-controlled opponent that uses a variant of the Monte Carlo Tree Search algorithm to precisely manipulate difficulty-skill ratios. A pre-registered study (n=311) showed that our AI produced targeted difficulty-skill ratios without participants noticing the manipulation, yet different ratios had no significant impact on enjoyment or engagement. This indicates that difficulty-skill balance does not always affect engagement and enjoyment, but that games with AI-controlled difficulty provide a useful paradigm for rigorous future work on this issue.
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Journal articleCampanella D, Bertoni G, Zhu W, et al., 2023,
Gram-scale carbothermic control of LLZO garnet solid electrolyte particle size
, CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL, Vol: 457, ISSN: 1385-8947 -
Journal articleVladescu S-C, Agurto MG, Myant C, et al., 2023,
Protein-induced delubrication: How plant-based and dairy proteins affect mouthfeel
, FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS, Vol: 134, ISSN: 0268-005X -
Journal articleHe L, Maiolino P, Leong F, et al., 2023,
Robotic simulators for tissue examination training with multimodal sensory feedback
, IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering, Vol: 16, Pages: 514-529, ISSN: 1941-1189Tissue examination by hand remains an essential technique in clinical practice. The effective application depends on skills in sensorimotor coordination, mainly involving haptic, visual, and auditory feedback. The skills clinicians have to learn can be as subtle as regulating finger pressure with breathing, choosing palpation action, monitoring involuntary facial and vocal expressions in response to palpation, and using pain expressions both as a source of information and as a constraint on physical examination. Patient simulators can provide a safe learning platform to novice physicians before trying real patients. This paper reviews state-of-the-art medical simulators for the training for the first time with a consideration of providing multimodal feedback to learn as many manual examination techniques as possible. The study summarizes current advances in tissue examination training devices simulating different medical conditions and providing different types of feedback modalities. Opportunities with the development of pain expression, tissue modeling, actuation, and sensing are also analyzed to support the future design of effective tissue examination simulators.
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Journal articleWen H, Pinson P, Gu J, et al., 2023,
Wind energy forecasting with missing values within a fully conditional specification framework
, International Journal of Forecasting, ISSN: 0169-2070 -
Journal articleBermúdez JP, Massin O, 2023,
Efforts and Their Feelings
, Philosophy Compass, Vol: 18, Pages: 1-12 -
Journal articlePinson P, 2023,
Distributionally Robust Trading Strategies for Renewable Energy Producers
, IEEE Transactions on Energy Markets, Policy and Regulation, Pages: 1-12 -
Journal articleCampanella D, Krachkovskiy S, Faure C, et al., 2022,
Influence of AlPO4 Impurity on the Electrochemical Properties of NASICON-Type Li1.5Al0.5Ti1.5(PO4)(3) Solid Electrolyte
, CHEMELECTROCHEM, Vol: 9, ISSN: 2196-0216
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