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Journal articleSpyrakos-Papastavridis E, Childs PRN, Dai JS, 2024,
Confutation of the “Counterexample to passivity preservation for variable impedance control of compliant robots”
, IEEE-ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, Vol: 29, Pages: 4023-4032, ISSN: 1083-4435This letter reveals the incorrect argumentation, erroneous mathematical calculations, and misleading observations reported in the article titled “Counterexample to Passivity Preservation for Variable Impedance Control of Compliant Robots” published in volume 28, issue 1 of this journal, in February 2023. All the calculations in the said article are either incorrect or redundant, and this letter apodictically reveals that the peculiar simulation results therein contained were produced from a failure to follow the implementation guidelines delineated in the original publication. This letter further generates a set of examples to confute the so-called “counterexamples,” thereby proving the erroneousness of the article's argumentation. Furthermore, numerous of the incorrect claims contained in the said article stand in stark opposition to results and theories reported in the robotics literature over the last three decades. This letter provides point-to-point refutations of the erroneous comments and calculations contained in all five pages of the article titled “Counterexample to Passivity Preservation for Variable Impedance Control of Compliant Robots” (Medrano-Cerda, 2023), thereby invalidating all its arguments and exposing its want of substantiality to the reader.
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Journal articleChen L, Zuo H, Cai Z, et al., 2024,
Towards controllable generative design: a conceptual design generation approach leveraging the FBS ontology and Large Language Models
, Journal of Mechanical Design, Vol: 146, ISSN: 1050-0472Recent research in the field of design engineering is primarily focusing on using AI technologies such as Large Language Models (LLMs) to assist early-stage design. The engineer or designer can use LLMs to explore, validate and compare thousands of generated conceptual stimuli and make final choices. This was seen as a significant stride in advancing the status of the generative approach in computer-aided design. However, it is often difficult to instruct LLMs to obtain novel conceptual solutions and requirement-compliant in real design tasks, due to the lack of transparency and insufficient controllability of LLMs. This study presents an approach to leverage LLMs to infer Function-Behavior-Structure (FBS) ontology for high-quality design concepts. Prompting design based on the FBS model decomposes the design task into three sub-tasks including functional, behavioral, and structural reasoning. In each sub-task, prompting templates and specification signifiers are specified to guide the LLMs to generate concepts. User can determine the selected concepts by judging and evaluating the generated function-structure pairs. A comparative experiment has been conducted to evaluate the concept generation approach. According to the concept evaluation results, our approach achieves the highest scores in concept evaluation, and the generated concepts are more novel, useful, functional, and low-cost compared to the baseline.
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Journal articleBaker CE, Martin P, Montemeglio A, et al., 2024,
Inherent uncertainty in pedestrian collision reconstruction: How evidence variability affects head kinematics and injury prediction
, ACCIDENT ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION, Vol: 208, ISSN: 0001-4575 -
Journal articleBaker CE, Yu X, Lovell B, et al., 2024,
How well do popular bicycle helmets protect from different types of head injury?
, Annals of Biomedical Engineering, Vol: 52, Pages: 3326-3364, ISSN: 0090-6964Bicycle helmets are designed to protect against skull fractures and associated focal brain injuries, driven by helmet standards. Another type of head injury seen in injured cyclists is diffuse brain injuries, but little is known about the protection provided by bicycle helmets against these injuries. Here, we examine the performance of modern bicycle helmets in preventing diffuse injuries and skull fractures under impact conditions that represent a range of real-world incidents. We also investigate the effects of helmet technology, price, and mass on protection against these pathologies. 30 most popular helmets among UK cyclists were purchased within 9.99-135.00 GBP price range. Helmets were tested under oblique impacts onto a 45° anvil at 6.5 m/s impact speed and four locations, front, rear, side, and front-side. A new headform, which better represents the average human head's mass, moments of inertia and coefficient of friction than any other available headforms, was used. We determined peak linear acceleration (PLA), peak rotational acceleration (PRA), peak rotational velocity (PRV), and BrIC. We also determined the risk of skull fractures based on PLA (linear risk), risk of diffuse brain injuries based on BrIC (rotational risk), and their mean (overall risk). Our results show large variation in head kinematics: PLA (80-213 g), PRV (8.5-29.9 rad/s), PRA (1.6-9.7 krad/s2), and BrIC (0.17-0.65). The overall risk varied considerably with a 2.25 ratio between the least and most protective helmet. This ratio was 1.76 for the linear and 4.21 for the rotational risk. Nine best performing helmets were equipped with the rotation management technology MIPS, but not all helmets equipped with MIPS were among the best performing helmets. Our comparison of three tested helmets which have MIPS and no-MIPS versions showed that MIPS reduced rotational kinematics, but not linear kinematics. We found no significant effect of helmet price on exposure-adjusted inju
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Journal articleAnza-Ramirez C, Cardenas MK, Landeiro F, et al., 2024,
Public Health.
, Alzheimers Dement, Vol: 20 Suppl 7BACKGROUND: Dementia is a global health challenge, especially in low- and middle-income countries like Peru, where diagnosis, access, and awareness are limited. Within the IMPACT Dementia project, a component focuses on developing, testing, and implementing an mHealth-enabled system for dementia screening and diagnosis, and assessing its cost-effectiveness. METHODS: Phase I. To develop a dementia diagnostic screening mHealth system: The features of the screening tool will be locally adapted using a co-design approach including community members and community health workers (CHW) in four regions in Peru (Lima, Tumbes, Iquitos, and Huancayo) to enhance adaptability and efficacy. The final tool will be applied to older adults (60+) in the community by CHW. PHASE II: To assess the accuracy and acceptability, and characterization of older adults (60+) at the population level in Peru (n≈32,000): Using the mHealth system developed in Phase I, assessments including AD8, RUDAS-PE, and PFAQ, will be conducted. Accuracy for dementia diagnosis will be determined through gold-standard assessments involving interviews, neuropsychological testing, and the CDR in a subgroup of participants conducted by neurologists. The system will also collect data on socio-demographic information, carers, co-morbidities, quality of life, resource usage and costs. Phase III. To integrate the mHealth diagnostic system into Peru's primary healthcare (PHC) level: After validation, a 3-month quasi-experimental study in 2 centres per region will assess system performance, using waiting room recruitment and provider-conducted screenings for older adults. Indicators will evaluate integration success, sensitivity, and specificity of the tool, cost-effectiveness, and stakeholder perspectives through a process evaluation, guiding future scalability. RESULT: Early phases suggest that the IMPACT Dementia project will offer insights into dementia challenges in Peru. The co-design phase prioritises cultur
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Journal articleSadek M, Calvo RA, Mougenot C, 2024,
The Value-Sensitive Conversational Agent Co-Design Framework
, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION, ISSN: 1044-7318 -
Journal articleWeber ML, Jennings D, Šmíd B, et al., 2024,
Space Charge Effects on the Reaction Kinetics of Metal Exsolution and the Coalescence of Exsolved Nanoparticles
, ECS Meeting Abstracts, Vol: MA2024-02, Pages: 5113-5113<jats:p> Metal exsolution reactions can be driven in fuel electrode materials under the reducing operation conditions of solid oxide cells. The process enables the synthesis of nanostructured catalysts based on the release of a fraction of reducible dopants from a perovskite host to its’ surface and the subsequent nucleation of finely dispersed oxide-supported metal nanoparticles. The performance of such catalysts strongly depends on the nanoparticle characteristics, such as the nanoparticle size and nanoparticle density.</jats:p> <jats:p>Consequently, dynamic structural and chemical changes of catalyst materials under operation conditions, oftentimes particularly affecting the catalyst surface <jats:italic>i.e.</jats:italic> the electrochemical interface, play a crucial role for the activity and stability of electrocatalysts. It is essential to understand the mechanistic processes that govern the material response to improve the lifetime of energy conversion devices such as water splitting catalysts or solid oxide cells.</jats:p> <jats:p>We employ epitaxial thin films with atomically defined surface morphologies to study the exsolution kinetics with respect to the mass transport of Ni dopants from the bulk to the perovskite surface. In addition, we investigate the subsequent growth and coalescence behavior of the exsolved nanoparticles during thermal reduction of the thin film samples. For this purpose, different approaches of defect-engineering are explored to investigate the role of donor-type and acceptor-type defect chemistry as well as the role of dislocations for exsolution reactions.</jats:p> <jats:p>We demonstrate that the electrostatic interactions of exsolution-active dopants with the surface potential that is correlated to the inherent surface space charge region of perovskite oxides determines the kinetics of metal exsolution in our material system. M
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Journal articlePerera WHK, Webb T, Xu Y, et al., 2024,
23.2% efficient low band gap perovskite solar cells with cyanogen management
, ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE, ISSN: 1754-5692 -
Journal articleKharman AM, Jursitzky C, Zhou Q, et al., 2024,
An adversarially robust data-market for spatial, crowd-sourced data
, Distributed Ledger Technologies: Research and Practice<jats:p> We describe an architecture for a decentralised data market for applications in which agents are incentivised to collaborate to crowd-source their data. The architecture is designed to reward data that furthers the market's collective goal, and distributes reward fairly to all those that contribute with their data. We show that the architecture is resilient to <jats:italic>Sybil</jats:italic> , <jats:italic>wormhole</jats:italic> , and <jats:italic>data poisoning</jats:italic> attacks. In order to evaluate the resilience of the architecture, we characterise its breakdown points for various adversarial threat models in an automotive use case. </jats:p>
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Journal articleWeber ML, Jennings D, Fearn S, et al., 2024,
Thermal stability and coalescence dynamics of exsolved metal nanoparticles at charged perovskite surfaces
, Nature Communications, Vol: 15, ISSN: 2041-1723Exsolution reactions enable the synthesis of oxide-supported metal nanoparticles, which are desirable as catalysts in green energy conversion technologies. It is crucial to precisely tailor the nanoparticle characteristics to optimize the catalysts’ functionality, and to maintain the catalytic performance under operation conditions. We use chemical (co)-doping to modify the defect chemistry of exsolution-active perovskite oxides and examine its influence on the mass transfer kinetics of Ni dopants towards the oxide surface and on the subsequent coalescence behavior of the exsolved nanoparticles during a continuous thermal reduction treatment. Nanoparticles that exsolve at the surface of the acceptor-type fast-oxygen-ion-conductor SrTi0.95Ni0.05O3−δ (STNi) show a high surface mobility leading to a very low thermal stability compared to nanoparticles that exsolve at the surface of donor-type SrTi0.9Nb0.05Ni0.05O3−δ (STNNi). Our analysis indicates that the low thermal stability of exsolved nanoparticles at the acceptor-doped perovskite surface is linked to a high oxygen vacancy concentration at the nanoparticle-oxide interface. For catalysts that require fast oxygen exchange kinetics, exsolution synthesis routes in dry hydrogen conditions may hence lead to accelerated degradation, while humid reaction conditions may mitigate this failure mechanism.
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Journal articleYin Y, Childs P, 2024,
A study of cognitive factor sequences and relations to creativity quality levels
, Humanities & Social Sciences Communications, Vol: 11, ISSN: 2662-9992Cognitive factors such as association, memory, and combination have been verified to be related to the creative design process. However, limited research has considered the effects of cognitive factors and their interaction on creative processes in practical creative design processes. This study aimed to detect the interactive effects of cognitive factors on creative processes in a practical creative design process. In particular, how the sequence of cognitive factors affects creativity quality levels of the creative solutions was investigated. Seventy-one participants were recruited to undertake a design task using the think-aloud method. The results of this study are as follows. (i) The sequences of cognitive factors can contribute to different creativity quality levels of solutions. The sequence of semantic memory, common association, remote association, episodic memory, remote combination, idea expression, and idea evaluation is more likely to lead to a higher creativity quality level of solutions. (ii) The repetition of the same cognitive factor in a creative design process, especially semantic memory, does not necessarily contribute to a high-creativity-quality-level solution. (iii) Creativity quality levels of solutions are related to how many cognitive factors categories are involved in the creative design process. The more cognitive factors included, the higher the creativity quality of the solutions will be.
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Journal articleMulvey B, Nanayakkara T, 2024,
HAVEN: haptic and visual environment navigation by a shape-changing mobile robot with multimodal perception
, Scientific Reports, Vol: 14, ISSN: 2045-2322Many animals exhibit agile mobility in obstructed environments due to their ability to tune their bodies to negotiate andmanipulate obstacles and apertures. Most mobile robots are rigid structures and avoid obstacles where possible. In this work,we introduce a new framework named Haptic And Visual Environment Navigation (HAVEN) Architecture to combine vision andproprioception for a deformable mobile robot to be more agile in obstructed environments. The algorithms enable the robot to beautonomously a) predictive by analysing visual feedback from the environment and preparing its body accordingly, b) reactiveby responding to proprioceptive feedback, and c) active by manipulating obstacles and gap sizes using its deformable body.The robot was tested approaching differently sized apertures in obstructed environments ranging from greater than its shapeto smaller than its narrowest possible size. The experiments involved multiple obstacles with different physical properties.The results show higher navigation success rates and an average 32% navigation time reduction when the robot activelymanipulates obstacles using its shape-changing body.
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Conference paperFringi E, Alshubaily N, Brewster S, et al., 2024,
Is Distance a Modality? Multi-Task Learning for Speech-Based Joint Prediction of Attributed Traits and Perceived Distances in Virtual Immersive Audio Environments
, Pages: 321-330To the best of our knowledge, this article presents the first experiments on speech-based Automatic Personality Perception performed in a virtual immersive audio environment. The key-difference compared to all previous works in the literature is that, in a virtual immersive environment, people perceive not only the voice of the speakers, but also their position and distance in space. Therefore, it is possible to investigate for the first time whether people tend to attribute different traits to people speaking at different distances and, if so, whether this makes a difference in terms of Automatic Personality Perception. The experiments were performed over 360 recordings rendered at different distances (120 speakers including 60 female and 60 male). The results show that there are correlations between perceived distance and personality judgments. Furthermore, the experiments show that the performance in Automatic Personality Perception improves when taking perceived distance into account. These results are important because immersive environments are likely to become one of the main technological interfaces through which people interact with one another and with machines.
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Journal articleChen L, Zhang Y, Han J, et al., 2024,
A foundation model enhanced approach for generative design in combinational creativity
, Journal of Engineering Design, Vol: 35, Pages: 1394-1420, ISSN: 0954-4828In creativity theory, combining two unrelated concepts into a novel idea is a common means of enhancing creativity. Designers can integrate the Additive concept into the Base concept to inspire and facilitate creative tasks. However, conceiving high-quality combinational ideas poses a challenge that combinational creativity itself demands the consideration of conceptual reasoning and synthesis. We propose an AI foundation model enhanced approach for supporting combinational creativity. This approach derives combinational embodiments, and assists humans in verbalising and externalising combinational ideas. Our experimental study demonstrates that the generated combinational ideas by the approach obtained highest scores compared to those ideas generated without an AI foundation model or combinational strategy. We built a combinational creativity tool called CombinatorX based on this approach to generate ideas. In a study with the comparison of an existing combinational creativity tool and Internet search, we validated that our approach improves the effectiveness of combinational idea generation, enables a reduction in labour force, and facilitates the refinement of combinational ideation.
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Journal articleAlmukhtar A, Batcup C, Bowman M, et al., 2024,
Interventions to achieve environmentally sustainable operating theatres: an umbrella systematic review using the behaviour change wheel
, International Journal of Surgery, Vol: 110, Pages: 7245-7267, ISSN: 1743-9159Introduction: The healthcare sector is a major contributor to the climate crisis, and operating theatres (OTs) are one of the highest sources of emissions. To inform emissions reduction, this study aimed to (i) compare the outcomes of interventions targeting sustainable behaviours in OTs using the Triple Bottom Line framework, (ii) categorise the intervention strategies using the 5Rs (reduce, recycle, reuse, refuse, and renew) of circular economy, and (iii) examine Intervention Functions (IFs) using the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW).Methods: Medline, Embase, PsychInfo, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched until June 2023 using the concepts: sustainability and surgery. The review was conducted in line with the Cochrane and Joanna Briggs Institution’s recommendations and was registered on PROSPERO. The results were reported in line with PRISMA, Supplemental Digital Content 1, https://links.lww.com/JS9/D210 (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines.Results: Sixteen reviews encompassing 43 life-cycle analyses, 30 interventions, 5 IFs, and 9 BCW policy categories were included. 28/30 (93%) interventions successfully led to sustainability improvements; however, the environmental outcomes were not suitable for meaningful comparisons due to their using different metrics and dependence on local factors. The ‘reduce’ strategy was the most prolific and commonly achieved through ‘education’ and/or ‘environmental restructuring’. However, single-session educational interventions were ineffective. Improving recycling relied on ‘environmental restructuring’. More intensive strategies such as ‘reuse’ require multiple intervention functions to achieve, either through a sustainability committee or through an intervention package.Conclusion: Policymakers must examine interventions within the local context. Comparing the outcomes of different interventions is difficult an
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Journal articleCutting J, Deterding S, 2024,
The task-attention theory of game learning: a theory and research agenda
, Human-Computer Interaction, Vol: 39, Pages: 257-287, ISSN: 0737-0024Why do learning games fail or succeed? Recent evidence suggests that attention forms an important moderator of learning from games. While existing media effects and learning theories acknowledge the role of attentional limits, they fail to account for the specific ways that games as interactive media steer attention. In response, we here develop the Task-Attention Theory of Game Learning. Drawing on current psychological and games research, task-attention theory argues that games as interactive media demand and structure the pursuit of tasks, which ties into distinct attentional mechanisms, namely learned attentional sets which focus attentional selection onto task-relevant features, as well as active sampling: users navigate and manipulate the game to elicit task-relevant information. This active sampling and selection precedes and moderates what information can be learned. We identify task-related game features (mechanics, goals, rewards and uncertainty) and demands (cognitive and perceptual load, pressure) that affect active sampling and attentional selection. We articulate implications and future work for game-based learning research and design, as well as wider media effects, learning, and HCI research.
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Journal articleSadek M, Calvo R, Mougenot C, 2024,
Designing value-sensitive AI: a critical review and recommendations for socio-technical design processes
, AI and Ethics, Vol: 9, Pages: 949-967, ISSN: 2730-5961This paper presents a critical review of how different socio-technical design processes for AI-based systems, from scholarly works and industry, support the creation of value-sensitive AI (VSAI). The review contributes to the emerging field of human-centred AI, and the even more embryonic space of VSAI in four ways: (i) it introduces three criteria for the review of VSAI based on their contribution to design processes’ overall value-sensitivity, and as a response to criticisms that current interventions are lacking in these aspects: comprehensiveness, level of guidance offered, and methodological value-sensitivity, (ii) it provides a novel review of socio-technical design processes for AI-based systems, (iii) it assesses each process based on the mentioned criteria and synthesises the results into broader trends, and (iv) it offers a resulting set of recommendations for the design of VSAI. The objective of the paper is to help creators and followers of design processes—whether scholarly or industry-based—to understand the level of value-sensitivity offered by different socio-technical design processes and act accordingly based on their needs: to adopt or adapt existing processes or to create new ones.
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Journal articleQiu D, Strbac G, Wang Y, et al., 2024,
Artificial Intelligence for Microgrid Resilience: A Data-Driven and Model-Free Approach
, IEEE POWER & ENERGY MAGAZINE, Vol: 22, Pages: 18-27, ISSN: 1540-7977 -
Journal articleZhao Y, Li H, Zhou H, et al., 2024,
A review of graph neural network applications in mechanics-related domains
, Artificial Intelligence Review: an international survey and tutorial journal, Vol: 57, ISSN: 0269-2821Mechanics-related tasks often present unique challenges in achieving accurate geometric and physical representations, particularly for non-uniform structures. Graph neural networks (GNNs) have emerged as a promising tool to tackle these challenges by adeptly learning from graph data with irregular underlying structures. Consequently, recent years have witnessed a surge in complex mechanics-related applications inspired by the advancements of GNNs. Despite this process, there is a notable absence of a systematic review addressing the recent advancement of GNNs in solving mechanics-related tasks. To bridge this gap, this review article aims to provide an in-depth overview of the GNN applications in mechanics-related domains while identifying key challenges and outlining potential future research directions. In this review article, we begin by introducing the fundamental algorithms of GNNs that are widely employed in mechanics-related applications. We provide a concise explanation of their underlying principles to establish a solid understanding that will serve as a basis for exploring the applications of GNNs in mechanics-related domains. The scope of this paper is intended to cover the categorisation of literature into solid mechanics, fluid mechanics, and interdisciplinary mechanics-related domains, providing a comprehensive summary of graph representation methodologies, GNN architectures, and further discussions in their respective subdomains. Additionally, open data and source codes relevant to these applications are summarised for the convenience of future researchers. This article promotes an interdisciplinary integration of GNNs and mechanics and provides a guide for researchers interested in applying GNNs to solve complex mechanics-related tasks.
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Journal articleGe Y, Zong R, Chen X, et al., 2024,
An origami-inspired endoscopic capsule with tactile perception for early tissue anomaly detection
, IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters, Vol: 9, Pages: 10018-10025, ISSN: 2377-3766Video Capsule Endoscopy (VCE) is currently one of the most effective methods for detecting intestinal diseases. However, it is challenging to detect early-stage small nodules with this method because they lack obvious color or shape features. In this letter, we present a new origami capsule endoscope to detect early small intestinal nodules using tactile sensing. Four soft tactile sensors made out of piezoresistive material feed four channels of phase-shifted data that are processed using a particle filter. The particle filter uses an importance assignment template designed using experimental data from six known sizes of nodules. Moreover, the proposed capsule can use shape changes to move forward or backward under peristalsis passively. In the experiment, it was able to return to a specific area for repeated detection in a straight, two-dimensional intestinal model. Experimental results show that the proposed capsule can detect nodules of more than 3 mm diameter with 100% accuracy.
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Journal articleCarman F, Ewen J, Bresme F, et al., 2024,
Molecular simulations of thermal transport across iron oxide-hydrocarbon interfaces
, ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, Vol: 16, Pages: 59452-59467, ISSN: 1944-8244The rational design of dielectric fluids for immersion cooling of batteries requires a molecular-level understanding of the heat flow across the battery casing/dielectric fluid interface. Here, we use nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations to quantify the interfacial thermal resistance (ITR) between hematite and poly-α-olefin (PAO), which are representative of the outer surface of the steel battery casing and a synthetic hydrocarbon dielectric fluid, respectively. After identifying the most suitable force fields to model the thermal properties of the individual components, we then compared different solid–liquid interaction potentials for the calculation of the ITR. These potentials resulted in a wide range of ITR values (4–21 K m2 GW–1), with stronger solid–liquid interactions leading to lower ITR. The increase in ITR is correlated with an increase in density of the fluid layer closest to the surface. Since the ITR has not been experimentally measured for the hematite/PAO interface, we validate the solid–liquid interaction potential using the work of adhesion calculated using the dry-surface method. The work of adhesion calculations from the simulations were compared to those derived from experimental contact angle measurements for PAO on steel. We find that all of the solid–liquid potentials overestimate the experimental work of adhesion. The experiments and simulations can only be reconciled by further reducing the strength of the interfacial interactions. This suggests some screening of the solid–liquid interactions, which may be due to the presence of an interfacial water layer between PAO and steel in the contact angle experiments. Using the solid–liquid interaction potential that reproduces the experimental work of adhesion, we obtain a higher ITR (33 K m2 GW–1), suggesting inefficient thermal transport. The results of this study demonstrate the potential for NEMD simulations to improve
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Journal articleQian Q, Wang Y, Boyle D, 2024,
On solving close enough orienteering problems with overlapped neighborhoods
, European Journal of Operational Research, Vol: 318, Pages: 369-387, ISSN: 0377-2217The Close Enough Traveling Salesman Problem (CETSP) is a well-known variant of the classic TravelingSalesman Problem whereby the agent may complete its mission at any point within a target neighborhood.Heuristics based on overlapped neighborhoods, known as Steiner Zones (SZ), have gained attention inaddressing CETSPs. While SZs offer effective approximations to the original graph, their inherent overlapimposes constraints on the search space, potentially conflicting with global optimization objectives. Here weshow how such limitations can be converted into advantages in the Close Enough Orienteering Problem (CEOP)by aggregating prizes across overlapped neighborhoods. We further extend the classic CEOP with Non-uniformNeighborhoods (CEOP-) by introducing non-uniform cost considerations for prize collection. To tackle CEOP(and CEOP-), we develop a new approach featuring a Randomized Steiner Zone Discretization (RSZD)scheme coupled with a hybrid algorithm based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Ant Colony System(ACS) — CRaSZe-AntS. The RSZD scheme identifies sub-regions for PSO exploration, and ACS determinesthe discrete visiting sequence. We evaluate the RSZD’s discretization performance on CEOP instances derivedfrom established CETSP instances and compare CRaSZe-AntS against the most relevant state-of-the-art heuristicfocused on single-neighborhood optimization for CEOP instances. We also compare the performance of theinterior search within SZs and the boundary search on individual neighborhoods in the context of CEOP-. Ourexperimental results show that CRaSZe-AntS can yield comparable solution quality with significantly reducedcomputation time compared to the single neighborhood strategy, where we observe an averaged 140.44%increase in prize collection and 55.18% reduction of algorithm execution time. CRaSZe-AntS is thus highlyeffective in solving emerging CEOP-, examples of which include truck-and-drone delivery scenarios.
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Journal articleGardner AJ, Iverson GL, Bloomfield P, et al., 2024,
Studying Contact Replays: Investigating Mechanisms, Management and Game Exposures (SCRIMMAGE) for brain health in the Australasian National Rugby League: a protocol for a database design
, BMJ OPEN SPORT & EXERCISE MEDICINE, Vol: 10 -
Journal articleBallou N, Deterding S, 2024,
The Basic Needs in Games Model of Video Game Play and Mental Health
, INTERACTING WITH COMPUTERS, ISSN: 0953-5438 -
Conference paperDavison M, Webb CJ, Ducceschi M, et al., 2024,
A self-sensing haptic actuator for tactile interaction with physical modelling synthesis
, The International Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression (NIME 2024), Publisher: NIME Community, Pages: 574-581, ISSN: 2220-4806The use of transducers to excite physical modelling synthesisers with real-world audio signals is a well established practice within the digital musical instrument design community, yet it is normally presented as a unidirectional process – energy is transferred into the system from human to instrument. In this paper, a novel approach to tactile interaction with physical modelling synthesis is presented, through the use of a self-sensing vibrotactile transducer. This enables simultaneous collocated sensing and haptic actuation with a single moving coil transducer. A current drive amplifier is used for haptic actuation, using signals derived from the physical modelling synthesiser. The varying impedance of the transducer (due to changes in the mechanical damping) enables the sensing of force applied upon the device whilst also acting as a pickup to excite the physical model, all with simultaneous haptic actuation. A digital filter equivalent of the transducer’s impedance is used to prevent feedback in the system, allowing simultaneous excitation and haptic actuation without self-oscillation
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Journal articleYu X, Baker CE, Ghajari M, 2024,
Head impact location, speed and angle from falls and trips in the workplace
, Annals of Biomedical Engineering, Vol: 52, Pages: 2687-2702, ISSN: 0090-6964Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common injury in the workplace. Trips and falls are the leading causes of TBI in the workplace. However, industrial safety helmets are not designed for protecting the head under these impact conditions. Instead, they are designed to pass the regulatory standards which test head protection against falling heavy and sharp objects. This is likely to be due to the limited understanding of head impact conditions from trips and falls in workplace. In this study, we used validated human multi-body models to predict the head impact location, speed and angle (measured from the ground) during trips, forward falls and backward falls. We studied the effects of worker size, initial posture, walking speed, width and height of the tripping barrier, bracing and falling height on the head impact conditions. Overall, we performed 1692 simulations. The head impact speed was over two folds larger in falls than trips, with backward falls producing highest impact speeds. However, the trips produced impacts with smaller impact angles to the ground. Increasing the walking speed increased the head impact speed but bracing reduced it. We found that 41% of backward falls and 19% of trips/forward falls produced head impacts located outside the region of helmet coverage. Next, we grouped all the data into three sub-groups based on the head impact angle: [0°, 30°], (30°, 60°] and (60°, 90°] and excluded groups with small number of cases. We found that most trips and forward falls lead to impact angles within the (30°, 60°] and (60°, 90°] groups while all backward falls produced impact angles within (60°, 90°] group. We therefore determined five representative head impact conditions from these groups by selecting the 75th percentile speed, mean value of angle intervals and median impact location (determined by elevation and azimuth angles) of each group. This led to two representative head impact conditions for trip
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Journal articleZhou Y, Sun Y, Li Y, et al., 2024,
A highly durable and UV‐resistant graphene‐based knitted textile sensing sleeve for human joint angle monitoring and gesture differentiation
, Advanced Intelligent Systems, Vol: 6, ISSN: 2640-4567Flexible strain sensors based on textiles have attracted extensive attention owing to their light weight, flexibility, and comfort when wearing. However, challenges in integrating textile strain sensors into wearable sensing devices include the need for outstanding sensing performance, long-term monitoring stability, and fast, convenient integration processes to achieve comprehensive monitoring. The scalable fabrication technique presented here addresses these challenges by incorporating customizable graphene-based sensing networks into knitted structures, thus creating sensing sleeves for precise motion detection and differentiation. The performance and real-world application potential of the sensing sleeve are evaluated by its precision in angle estimation and complex joint motion recognition during intra- and intersubject studies. For intra-subject analysis, the sensing sleeve only exhibits a 2.34° angle error in five different knee activities among 20 participants, and the sensing sleeves show up to 94.1% and 96.1% accuracy in the gesture classification of knee and elbow, respectively. For inter-subject analysis, the sensing sleeve demonstrates a 4.21° angle error, and it shows up to 79.9% and 85.5% accuracy in the gesture classification of knee and elbow, respectively. An activity-guided user interface compatible with the sensing sleeves for human motion monitoring in home healthcare applications is presented to illustrate the potential applications.
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Journal articlePeters D, Sadek M, Ahmadpour N, 2024,
Collaborative workshops at scale: a method for non-facilitated virtual collaborative design workshops
, International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, Vol: 40, Pages: 5997-6014, ISSN: 1044-7318This article introduces a method for conducting a fully online collaborative design workshop requiring no facilitation which we refer to as a Self-guided Collaborative Online Workshop (SCOW). The article provides three main contributions. Firstly, we present a process for the conversion of a face-to-face facilitated design workshop into a SCOW using a method we call the “playboard” which draws on concepts from CSCL literature. Secondly, we evaluate the efficacy of SCOWs using an iterative evaluation with 75 participants, including measures for participant satisfaction, subjective and objective learning outcomes, quality of the online and self-guided experience, and comparison with face-to-face workshops. Results across all measures indicate that the self-guided workshop was as successful as the in-person facilitated original. Moreover, participants reported advantages of the more scalable format including improved access to those with non-visible disabilities and in the Global South. Finally, based on our findings, we present a set of recommendations for others interested in using SCOWs as an inclusive and scalable way to support collaborative experiences.
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Journal articlevan der Meer D, Pinson P, Camal S, et al., 2024,
CRPS-based online learning for nonlinear probabilistic forecast combination
, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FORECASTING, Vol: 40, Pages: 1449-1466, ISSN: 0169-2070 -
Journal articleRatcliffe E, Baxter W, Aurisicchio M, et al., 2024,
The role of ritual communication in consumption: a consumer coffee experience
, International Journal of Food Design, Vol: 9, Pages: 219-243, ISSN: 2056-6522Rituals are part of the consumer experience of goods, especially food and drink, and can contribute to consumer enjoyment of and fidelity to a specific product. However, we lack detailed description of food/beverage-related rituals and their potential impact on consumer perceptions, in particular whether and how communicating those rituals to consumers influences their attitudes. Here we use coffee as an example of a ritualized product within the UK market to explore this potential relationship and identify opportunities for design. In Study 1, we identified rituals associated with coffee preparation and consumption. In Study 2, we found that several procedural aspects of the rituals identified in Study 1 were not consistently conveyed in coffee advertising, indicating a potential gap in communication with consumers. In Study 3, we showed that communicating such rituals to consumers resulted in significantly greater willingness to pay for coffee, mediated by perceptions of social attention. This work connects growing interest in the psychological mechanisms of ritual with work on consumer perceptions and behaviour and carries significant implications for the design of messaging around food experience.
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