In this section
@article{Song:2025:10.1183/2312508X.10028724,
author = {Song, WJ and Chung, KF},
doi = {10.1183/2312508X.10028724},
journal = {Ers Monograph},
pages = {306--316},
title = {Recent developments in the antitussive area},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/2312508X.10028724},
volume = {2025-December},
year = {2025}
}
TY - JOUR
AB - Recent advances in CC research have led to a shift in perspective, with RCC and UCC recognised as forms of CHS. This condition is characterised by maladaptive sensitisation in both peripheral and central neural pathways. Key peripheral targets include transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, voltage-gated sodium channels, and purinergic (P2X3) receptors. Central mechanisms have been revealed through neuroimaging studies and clinical responses to neuromodulators, such as gabapentin and low-dose opioids. The clinical development of gefapixant, a P2X3 antagonist, validated the P2X3-ATP pathway as a therapeutic target, although limitations (e.g. taste disturbances and modest efficacy) led to the exploration of more selective agents. Emerging therapies include more selective P2X3 antagonists, TRPM8 agonists, neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor blockers, and novel opioid receptor modulators like nalbuphine. However, several challenges remain, including the lack of validated in vitro and in vivo experimental models, and limited access to nerve tissues. The heterogeneity of underlying mechanisms also complicates trial outcome and supports the need for better patient stratification. Furthermore, large placebo effects and the limitations of current efficacy end-points, such as 24-h cough frequency, hinder the detection of meaningful treatment effects. Future research must focus on identifying reliable biomarkers, refining trial methodologies and tailoring therapies to specific patient subgroups to improve CC treatment outcome.
AU - Song,WJ
AU - Chung,KF
DO - 10.1183/2312508X.10028724
EP - 316
PY - 2025///
SN - 2312-508X
SP - 306
TI - Recent developments in the antitussive area
T2 - Ers Monograph
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/2312508X.10028724
VL - 2025-December
ER -