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  • Report
    Singh AK, Pal BC, 2013,

    IEEE PES Task Force on Benchmark Systems for Stability Controls - Report on the 68-Bus, 16-Machine, 5-Area System

    , Publisher: IEEE Power and Energy Society

    This report refers to a small-signal stability study carried over the 68-Bus, 16-Machine, 5-Area Sys-tem and validated on a widely known software package: MATLAB-Simulink (ver. 2012b). The 68-bus sys-tem is a reduced order equivalent of the inter-connected New England test system (NETS) and New York power system (NYPS), with five geographical regions out of which NETS and NYPS are represented by a group of generators whereas, the power import from each of the three other neighboring areas are approxi-mated by equivalent generator models. This report has the objective to show how the simulation of this system must be done using MATLAB in order to get results that are comparable (and exhibit a good match with respect to the electromechanical modes) with the ones obtained using other commercial software packages and presented on the PES Task Force website on Benchmark Systems for Stability Controls (http://www.sel.eesc.usp.br/ieee/).
  • Conference paper
    Pudjianto D, Castro M, Strbac G, Gaxiola Eet al., 2013,

    Transmission infrastructure investment requirements in the future European low-carbon electricity system

    , ISSN: 2165-4077

    This paper presents case studies projecting European cross-border electricity transmission infrastructure requirements for a range of future European electricity system scenarios. In calculating the requirements and to attain to the least cost solution, we use a Dynamic System Investment Model. The optimization model minimizes the total investment and operating costs taking into account: (i) the coordination needed between generation and transmission investment; (ii) the need to maintain reliability and feasibility of system operation; and (iii) the applications of load control technology. The model has been used to quantify the transmission requirements for five different European future generation and demand scenarios developed in the 'Infrastructure Roadmap for Energy Networks in Europe', IRENE-40, FP7 project. These include Business-as-Usual, Renewable, DESERTEC, CCS, and the High Efficiency pathways. This paper also presents a discussion on the plausible network technologies to fulfill the requirements and the potential benefits of demand side management in reducing the capacity requirements. © 2013 IEEE.
  • Journal article
    Meisel J, Shabbir W, Evangelou SA, 2013,

    Evaluation of the through-the-road architecture for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle powertrains

    , 2013 IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference Ievc 2013

    This paper investigates the through-the-road (TTR) powertrain architecture and its suitability for plug-in hybrid-electric vehicles (PHEVs) in the passenger vehicle category. The advantages and disadvantages of this architecture with respect to cost, sizing, control and manufacturability are contrasted against those of conventional architectures. The comparison extends into powertrain configurations used in recent commercial vehicles, such as the Toyota Prius and the Chevrolet Volt. The research includes the characterization of the mechanical dynamics and constraint equations of each architecture to quantify the control requirements. It is found that the TTR architecture excels in terms of manufacturability, and its ability to blend the motor and engine torques independently. © 2013 IEEE.
  • Conference paper
    Abraham E, Kerrigan EC, 2013,

    Estimator design for input-constrained bilinear systems with application to wave energy conversion

    , Pages: 5686-5691, ISSN: 0743-1546

    This paper investigates low-order observer design for bilinear systems with input constraints. A bilinear Luenberger-type observer with an H-infinity performance measure is formulated and the resulting synthesis problem is posed as a matrix inequality optimization for a linear parameter varying system. The resulting (nonconvex) bilinear matrix inequality problem is then solved with an LMI-based algorithm to find low-order nominal and robust quadratically stable observers. The performance of these observers are compared with that of a Kalman filter. In addition to alleviating the need to know the noise spectrum and its lower real-time computational burden, the H-infinity filter is shown to be robust to model uncertainties. The online radiation force estimation problem for a wave energy converter with bilinear dynamics is considered as an example.
  • Journal article
    Aunedi M, Kountouriotis P-A, Calderon JEO, Angeli D, Strbac Get al., 2013,

    Economic and Environmental Benefits of Dynamic Demand in Providing Frequency Regulation

    , IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID, Vol: 4, Pages: 2036-2048, ISSN: 1949-3053
  • Journal article
    Kiziroglou ME, Elefsiniotis A, Wright SW, Toh TT, Mitcheson PD, Becker T, Yeatman EMet al., 2013,

    Performance of phase change materials for heat storage thermoelectric harvesting

    , Applied Physics Letters, Vol: 103, ISSN: 1077-3118

    Heat storage energy harvesting devices have promise as independent power sources for wireless aircraft sensors. These generate energy from the temperature variation in time during flight. Previously reported devices use the phase change of water for heat storage, hence restricting applicability to instances with ground temperature above 0 °C. Here, we examine the use of alternative phase change materials (PCMs). A recently introduced numerical model is extended to include phase change inhomogeneity, and a PCM characterization method is proposed. A prototype device is presented, and two cases with phase changes at approximately −9.5 °C and +9.5 °C are studied.
  • Conference paper
    Elliott ADT, Dicken J, Miller LM, Wright PK, Mitcheson PDet al., 2013,

    Scheme for improved integration and lifetime for piezoelectric energy harvesters

    , IEEE Sensors, Pages: 1-4

    The power output of piezo harvesters can be significantly increased by using charge modification techniques such as piezoelectric pre-biasing or synchronous switched harvesting, but in order to achieve a significant power gain high Q electrical resonant circuits must be used. For integrated systems with a significant size constraint, or in systems using on-chip inductors, achieving high Q can be difficult. Here we present an improved interface circuit which performs better than all previously presented techniques, especially in cases where the Q-factor of the resonant circuit is low. This has the added advantage of extending the useful life of the harvester because repeated cycling reduces the quality of the piezoelectric film, increasing the series resistance and lowering the electrical Q and the performance. Maximum power extraction by this new circuit is also less sensitive to the supply rail voltage than previously presented implementations, which reduces control power overhead.
  • Journal article
    Bottrell N, Prodanovic M, Green TC, 2013,

    Dynamic Stability of a Microgrid With an Active Load

    , IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol: 28, Pages: 5107-5119, ISSN: 1941-0107

    Rectifiers and voltage regulators acting as constant power loads form an important part of amicrogrid’s total load. In simplified form, they present a negative incremental resistance and beyondthat, they have control loop dynamics in a similar frequency range to the inverters that may supply amicrogrid. Either of these features may lead to a degradation of small-signal damping. It is known thatdroop control constants need to be chosen with regard to damping, even with simple impedance loads.Actively controlled rectifiers have been modelled in non-linear state-space form, linearised around anoperating point, and joined to network and inverter models. Participation analysis of the eigenvalues ofthe combined system identified that the low-frequency modes are associated with the voltage controllerof the active rectifier and the droop-controllers of the inverters. The analysis also reveals that whenthe active load DC-voltage controller is designed with large gains, the voltage controller of the inverterbecomes unstable. This dependency has been verified by observing the response of an experimentalmicrogrid to step changes in power demand. Achieving a well-damped response with a conservativestability margin does not compromise normal active rectifier design, but notice should be taken of theinverter-rectifier interaction identified.
  • Journal article
    Papadaskalopoulos D, Strbac G, 2013,

    Decentralized Participation of Flexible Demand in Electricity Markets-Part I: Market Mechanism

    , IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS, Vol: 28, Pages: 3658-3666, ISSN: 0885-8950
  • Journal article
    Papadaskalopoulos D, Strbac G, Mancarella P, Aunedi M, Stanojevic Vet al., 2013,

    Decentralized Participation of Flexible Demand in Electricity Markets-Part II: Application With Electric Vehicles and Heat Pump Systems

    , IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS, Vol: 28, Pages: 3667-3674, ISSN: 0885-8950
  • Conference paper
    Kuenzel S, Kunjumuhammed LP, Pal BC, 2013,

    Frequency Response Capability of the GB System in 2030

    , London, UK, 12th International Workshop on Large-scale Integration of Wind Power into Power Systems as well as on Transmission Networks for Offshore Wind Power Plants, Publisher: Energynautics GmbH
  • Journal article
    Bettiol P, Boccia A, Vinter RB, 2013,

    Stratified Necessary Conditions for Differential Inclusions with State Constraints

    , SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization, Vol: 51, Pages: 3903-3917, ISSN: 1095-7138

    The concept of stratified necessary conditions for optimal control problems, whose dynamic constraint is formulated as a differential inclusion, was introduced by F. H. Clarke. These are conditions satisfied by a feasible state trajectory that achieves the minimum value of the cost over state trajectories whose velocities lie in a time-varying open ball of specified radius about the velocity of the state trajectory of interest. Considering different radius functions stratifies the interpretation of “minimizer.” In this paper we prove stratified necessary conditions for optimal control problems involving pathwise state constraints. As was shown by Clarke in the state constraint-free case, we find that, also in our more general setting, the stratified necessary conditions yield generalizations of earlier optimality conditions for unbounded differential inclusions as simple corollaries. Some examples are provided, giving insights into the nature of the hypotheses invoked for the derivation of stratified necessary conditions and into the scope for their further refinement.
  • Conference paper
    Meisel J, Shabbir W, Evangelou SA, 2013,

    A Practical Control Methodology for Parallel Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Powertrains

    , The 9th IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)
  • Conference paper
    Trovato G, Tindemans SH, Strbac G, 2013,

    Demand Response Contribution to Effective Inertia for System Security in the GB 2020 Gone Green Scenario

    , IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT) Europe 2013
  • Journal article
    Bettiol P, Vinter RB, 2013,

    Estimates on trajectories in a closed set with corners for (t,x) dependent data

    , Mathematical Control and Related Fields, Vol: 3, Pages: 245-267, ISSN: 2156-8472

    Estimates on the distance of a given process from the set of processes that satisfy a specified state constraint in terms of the state constraint violation are important analytical tools in state constrained optimal control theory; they have been employed to ensure the validity of the Maximum Principle in normal form, to establish regularity properties of the value function, to justify interpreting the value function as a unique solution of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation, and for other purposes. A range of estimates are required, which differ according the metrics used to measure the `distance' and the modulus θ(h) of state constraint violation h in terms of which the estimates are expressed. Recent research has shown that simple linear estimates are valid when the state constraint set A has smooth boundary, but do not generalize to a setting in which the boundary of A has corners. Indeed, for a velocity set F which does not depend on (t,x) and for state constraints taking the form of the intersection of two closed spaces (the simplest case of a boundary with corners), the best distance estimates we can hope for, involving the W1,1, metric on state trajectories, is a super-linear estimate expressed in terms of the h|log(h)| modulus. But, distance estimates involving the h|log(h)| modulus are not in general valid when the velocity set F(.,x) is required merely to be continuous, while not even distance estimates involving the weaker, Hölder modulus hα (with α arbitrarily small) are in general valid, when F(.,x) is allowed to be discontinuous. This paper concerns the validity of distance estimates when the velocity set F(t,x) is (t,x)-dependent and satisfy standard hypotheses on the velocity set (linear growth, Lipschitz x-dependence and an inward pointing condition). Hypotheses are identified for the validity of distance estimates, involving both the h|log(h)| and linear moduli, within the framework of control systems described by a controlled dif
  • Journal article
    Arif J, Ray S, Chaudhuri B, 2013,

    Multivariable Self-Tuning Feedback Linearization Controller for Power Oscillation Damping

    , IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, Vol: 22, Pages: 1519-1526, ISSN: 1558-0865

    The objective of this brief is to design ameasurement-based self-tuning controller, which does not rely onaccurate models and deals with nonlinearities in system response.A special form of neural network (NN) model called feedbacklinearizable NN (FLNN) compatible with feedback linearizationtechnique is proposed for representation of nonlinear powersystems behavior. Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) is applied in batchmode to improve the model estimation. A time-varying feedbacklinearization controller (FBLC) is employed in conjunction withthe FLNN–LM estimator to generate the control signal. Validationof the performance of proposed algorithm is done throughthe modeling and simulating both normal and heavy loadingof transmission lines, when the nonlinearities are pronounced.Case studies on a large-scale 16-machine five-area power systemare reported for different power flow scenarios, to prove thesuperiority of proposed scheme against a conventional modelbasedcontroller. A coefficient vector for FBLC is derivedand used online at each time instant, to enhance the dampingperformance of controller.
  • Patent
    Evangelou SA, Arana C, Shabbir W, Shukla Aet al., 2013,

    Method and Apparatus for Power Source Control
  • Journal article
    Lee CK, Hui SYR, 2013,

    Reduction of Energy Storage Requirements in Future Smart Grid Using Electric Springs

    , IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID, Vol: 4, Pages: 1282-1288, ISSN: 1949-3053
    • Cite
    • Citations: 110
  • Journal article
    Lee CK, Chaudhuri NR, Chaudhuri B, Hui SYRet al., 2013,

    Droop Control of Distributed Electric Springs for Stabilizing Future Power Grid

    , IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID, Vol: 4, Pages: 1558-1566, ISSN: 1949-3053
  • Journal article
    Mueller MA, Angeli D, Allgoewer F, 2013,

    Economic model predictive control with self-tuning terminal cost

    , EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CONTROL, Vol: 19, Pages: 408-416, ISSN: 0947-3580
  • Journal article
    Astolfi A, 2013,

    The path of control

    , EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CONTROL, Vol: 19, Pages: 340-340, ISSN: 0947-3580
  • Journal article
    Tahir F, Jaimoukha IM, 2013,

    Causal state-feedback parameterizations in robust model predictive control

    , Automatica, Vol: 49, Pages: 2675-2682

    In this paper, we investigate the problem of nonlinearity (and non-convexity) typically associated with linear state-feedback parameterizations in the Robust Model Predictive Control (RMPC) for uncertain systems. In particular, we propose two tractable approaches to compute an RMPC controller–consisting of both a causal, state-feedback gain and a control-perturbation component–for linear, discrete-time systems involving bounded disturbances and norm-bounded structured model-uncertainties along with hard constraints on the input and state. Both the state-feedback gain and the control-perturbation are explicitly considered as decision variables in the online optimization while avoiding nonlinearity and non-convexity in the formulation. The proposed RMPC controller–computed through LMI optimizations–is responsible for steering the uncertain system state to a terminal invariant set. Numerical examples from the literature demonstrate the advantages of the proposed scheme
  • Journal article
    Keliris C, Polycarpou MM, Parisini T, 2013,

    A Distributed Fault Detection Filtering Approach for a Class of Interconnected Continuous-Time Nonlinear Systems

    , IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL, Vol: 58, Pages: 2032-2047, ISSN: 0018-9286
  • Journal article
    Tan S-C, Lee CK, Hui SYR, 2013,

    General Steady-State Analysis and Control Principle of Electric Springs With Active and Reactive Power Compensations

    , IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, Vol: 28, Pages: 3958-3969, ISSN: 0885-8993
  • Conference paper
    P Kunjumuhammed L, C Pal B, Anaparthi K, F Thornhill Net al., 2013,

    Effect of wind penetration on power system stability
  • Conference paper
    Lot R, Evangelou SA, 2013,

    Lap Time Optimization of a Sports Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle

    , World Congress on Engineering 2013; WCE2013
  • Journal article
    Pinuela M, Mitcheson PD, Lucyszyn S, 2013,

    Ambient RF energy harvesting in urban and semi-urban environments

    , Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol: 61, Pages: 2715-2726, ISSN: 0018-9480
  • Journal article
    Astolfi A, Longhi S, Tornambe A, 2013,

    Special issue on "periodic systems and robust control' dedicated to Osvaldo Maria Grasselli

    , INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONTROL, Vol: 86, Pages: 1201-1206, ISSN: 0020-7179
  • Conference paper
    Trovato V, Tindemans SH, Strbac G, 2013,

    Controlling the synchronization and payback associated with the provision of frequency services by dynamic demand

    , 22nd International Conference on Electricity Distribution (CIRED 2013)
  • Journal article
    Chaudhuri NR, Chaudhuri B, 2013,

    Considerations Toward Coordinated Control of DFIG-Based Wind Farms

    , IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY, Vol: 28, Pages: 1263-1270, ISSN: 0885-8977

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