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  • Journal article
    Li C, Deng S, Cao XE, Li Set al., 2026,

    Accelerating widespread adoption of direct air capture based on system perspective: Thermodynamic limits, geographical deployment, and clean energy integration

    , Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol: 230, Pages: 116702-116702, ISSN: 1364-0321
  • Journal article
    Zhong Q, Gan J, Tu S, Toumi R, Chan JCLet al., 2026,

    Global increase in rain rate of tropical cyclones prior to landfall.

    , Nat Commun, Vol: 17

    Most studies on tropical cyclone (TC) rain rate focus on long-term variability, yet the short-term (days or shorter) variations across the TC lifecycle, with a particular focus on the period before landfall, are most critical because they strongly influence flood risk. Using satellite data, we show that, globally, the mean rain rate of TCs increases by over 20% from 60 hours before landfall to the time of landfall. This increase occurs across hemispheres, ocean basins, intensity categories, and latitudes, although the magnitude varies. As a TC approaches the coast, land-sea thermal contrasts raise low-level humidity over land, while frictional differences enhance convergence, upward motion, and instability on the offshore side of the circulation. These conditions collectively promote increased convection and precipitation of TCs as they near landfall. Our findings critically strengthen the current understanding of TC precipitation dynamics and support more effective flood management.
  • Journal article
    Cao XE, 2026,

    An unconventional path to convergence

    , Matter, Vol: 9, Pages: 102574-102574, ISSN: 2590-2385
  • Journal article
    Wang J, Chen R, Huang C, Guo Z, Song J, He S, Zheng Y, Deng S, Chen Y, Wang Y, Cao XE, Li Set al., 2026,

    Mapping innovations in direct air capture: A systematic patent review and literature comparison

    , RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS, Vol: 226, ISSN: 1364-0321
  • Report
    Otto F, Keeping T, Vrkic D, Clarke B, Barnes C, Philip S, Kew S, Pinto I, Bacher A, Vahlberg M, Singh Ret al., 2025,

    Unequal evidence and impacts, limits to adaptation: Extreme Weather in 2025
  • Report
    Kew S, Zachariah M, Barnes C, Rajapakse L, Basconcillo J, Jayawardena S, Aziz NA, Bergin C, Pinto I, Bacher A, Vahlberg M, Kadihasanoglu A, Mejía A, Meyer R, Stankovic A, Badjana M, Vrkic D, Raju E, Lassa J, Amarnath G, Philip S, Otto F, Barrow-Kocher A, Singh R, Rogers D, Sivanu S, Loganathan M, Dissanayake Pet al., 2025,

    Increasing heavy rainfall and extreme flood heights in a warming climate threaten densely populated regions across Sri Lanka and the Malacca Strait
  • Journal article
    Liu S, Li S, Cao XE, Choi Set al., 2025,

    An ultra-fast and eco-friendly recycling process for spent LIBs using deep eutectic solvents: mechanism and life-cycle insight

    , Green Chemistry, Vol: 27, Pages: 14648-14657, ISSN: 1463-9262

    The accumulation of end-of-life lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) highlights the need for an efficient and environmentally friendly recycling process. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have gained significant attention due to their benefits of being green and economical; however, the environmental impact of processes using DESs has not been widely studied yet. In this context, a rapid leaching method using a green choline chloride (ChCl)–maleic acid (MA) DES was applied to LIBs leaching, which showed much enhanced kinetics compared with most of the DESs and achieved high leaching efficiencies of 84.53% for Li and 80.04% for Co from LCO within 10 min at 140 °C. The ChCl–MA DES can serve both as a lixiviant and a reducing agent, with a reducing ability comparable to that of the traditional hydrometallurgy reductant H<inf>2</inf>O<inf>2</inf>. The ChCl–MA DES presented good reusability and adaptability which can be reused for 5 times with performance remained unchanged and suitable for multiple LIBs include LMO, LFP and NMC. Through density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the leaching mechanism was analyzed: the carboxyl group of MA reduced Co(iii) to Co(ii), making it soluble, and Cl<sup>−</sup> within the DES formed stable [LiCl<inf>2</inf>]<sup>−</sup> and [CoCl<inf>4</inf>]<sup>2−</sup> complexes with Li and Co, respectively. Moreover, based on a life cycle assessment (LCA), the environmental impact of the DES leaching process was assessed and it was validated as being effective and eco-friendly for recycling spent LIBs, compared with an ethylene glycol DES, a urea DES, and the same DES with different molar ratios. This study eliminated the use of corrosive acids and mitigated the typically severe conditions of DES leaching, offering a practical approach for recovering spent LIBs.
  • Report
    Westbury P, Arlinghaus J, Bateman I, Beerling D, Bellamy R, Brophy A, Gilbert A, House J, Singh Ghaleigh N, Smith SM, Snape C, Thornton J, Van Looy M, Wagle Aet al., 2025,

    The UKRI Strategic Priorities Fund Greenhouse Gas Removal Demonstrators (GGR-D) Programme: an overview of key research insights and cross-cutting lessons

    , Publisher: Grantham Institute for Climate Change
  • Journal article
    Li X, Liu C, Cao XE, Xu Y-F, Yao Xet al., 2025,

    Powering chemical hydrogen storage with photothermochemical catalysis

    , MATTER, Vol: 8, ISSN: 2590-2393
  • Journal article
    Davids D, Grant N, Mittal S, Hawkes A, Oluleye Oet al., 2025,

    Combined warming index energy system analysis framework for methane leakage rate and carbon capture rate uncertainty

    , MethodsX, Vol: 15, ISSN: 2215-0161

    Fossil fuels dominate the production of hydrogen and will continue to contribute in a decarbonised future. Blue hydrogen production from natural gas with carbon capture and storage technology applied is seen as the major route for natural gas in a future Hydrogen Economy. Methane leakage rate in natural gas supply chains and carbon capture rate are two critical parameters for the success of blue hydrogen. Despite this, the linked effect of the variables are difficult to identify, especially in terms of their impacts on decarbonisation metrics within the energy system. We formulate a new Combined Warming Index (CWI) measure and develop a framework for analysing the influence of methane leakage rate and carbon capture rate on blue hydrogen viability and other relevant energy system characteristics.Framework outline:• Investigate energy system scenarios within a range of methane leakage rates and carbon capture rates (varying Combined Warming Indices [CWI]) on blue hydrogen.• Analyse important energy system dynamic parameter indicators versus the Combined Warming Index (CWI).• Resultant energy system trends for methane leakage rates and carbon capture rates analysed against Combined Warming Index (CWI) establish unique property envelopes that reveal the state of the energy system at conditions and periods of interest.
  • Journal article
    Li S, Du Z, Wang J, Wang H, Cao XE, Chen R, Pang Y, Deng S, Mašek O, Yuan X, Lee KBet al., 2025,

    Direct air capture-assisted sustainable fuel solution in maritime sector: a carbon footprint perspective

    , Carbon Research, Vol: 4

    Carbon emissions reduction within the maritime sector is pivotal for realizing zero-carbon goals and mitigating climate impacts. Adopting renewable carbon fuels presents a potent strategy. It is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of its negative carbon attributes and enduring contributions to future development based on carbon footprint assessment. By using the CO<inf>2</inf> captured through direct air capture (DAC) technology and the H<inf>2</inf> obtained via water electrolysis as feedstock, electro-methanol (e-methanol) can be produced under renewable energy-driven conditions. Owing to the environmental benefits and economic feasibility of e-methanol, we highlight its potential as a practical alternative to traditional fossil fuel-based technical scenarios. A quantitative analysis of this integrated system from a carbon footprint perspective allows for an environmental sustainability assessment. According to predictions, scaled-up usage of the system can reduce the maritime sector's contribution to global carbon emissions by half by 2050.
  • Journal article
    Moss B, Liang C, Carpenter A, Verga LG, Scott S, Jones RJR, Manthiram K, Walsh A, Rao RR, Stephens IEL, Durrant JRet al., 2025,

    Operando ultraviolet-visible optical spectroelectrochemistry of surfaces

    , NATURE REVIEWS METHODS PRIMERS, Vol: 5
  • Journal article
    Chen J, Kang Y, Toumi R, Zhang L, Lu M, Shi X, Xi Det al., 2025,

    Increasing Temporal Variability of Global Tropical Cyclone Near-Storm Rainfall Under Global Warming: Insights From CMIP6 HighResMIP Simulations

    , JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES, Vol: 130, ISSN: 2169-897X
  • Journal article
    Sibug-Torres SM, Niihori M, Wyatt E, Arul R, Spiesshofer N, Jones T, Graham D, de Nijs B, Scherman OA, Rao RR, Ryan MP, Squires A, Savory CN, Scanlon DO, Daaoub A, Sangtarash S, Sadeghi H, Baumberg JJet al., 2025,

    Transient Au-Cl adlayers modulate the surface chemistry of gold nanoparticles during redox reactions

    , NATURE CHEMISTRY, ISSN: 1755-4330
  • Report
    Barnes C, Zachariah M, Cerezo-Mota R, Clarke B, Pinto I, Philip S, Keeping T, Kew S, Kimutai J, Izquierdo Rodríguez K, Bacher A, Vahlberg M, Singh R, Arrighi J, Koren G, Otto F, Avila B, Reyes Get al., 2025,

    Heavy rainfall leading to widespread flooding in eastern Mexico disproportionately impacts highly exposed Indigenous and socially vulnerable communities
  • Report
    Clarke B, Barnes C, Keeping T, Sparks N, Heng Lau K, Toumi R, Arrighi J, Singh R, Vahlberg M, Meyer R, Scholz C, Baumgart NJ, Koren G, Taylor MA, Stephenson TS, Jones JJ, Campbell JD, Spence JM, Centella-Artola A, Bezanilla-Morlot A, Rubiera J, Bergin C, Yang W, Otto F, Philip S, Kew S, McFarlane B, Douglas K, Vrkic Det al., 2025,

    Climate change enhanced intensity of Hurricane Melissa, testing limits of adaptation in Jamaica and eastern Cuba
  • Journal article
    Wang J, Chen M, Cao XE, Liu X, Wei P, Xu Q, Yao H, Ci E, Zhang Q, Lv S, Tian Y, Li Yet al., 2025,

    24-h Bidirectional Thermal Energy Harvesting: From Light to Darkness

    , ADVANCED MATERIALS, ISSN: 0935-9648
  • Journal article
    Sparks N, Toumi R, 2025,

    The impact of global warming on U.S. hurricane landfall: a storyline approach

    , Environmental Research Letters, Vol: 20, ISSN: 1748-9326

    The projection of hurricane activity under climate change is challenging. The Imperial College Storm Model (IRIS) was used to analyse the impact of global warming on North Atlantic hurricane landfall through a storyline approach. The storyline assumes increases of potential intensity (PI) as the cause of change with no changes to tracks or basin frequency. This allows study of both recenttrends and projections for the first time in a consistent way. The observed hurricane intensification is simulated but underestimated. For a +2◦C global warming scenario hurricanes of intensity Category 4 and above become 62% more likely in the basin and nearly twice (92%) more likely at landfall. The future number of hurricanes, their decay and tracks are uncertain and their impact is examined by sensitivity studies. Reduction of the basin count offsets warming driven landfall frequency increases only for weaker hurricanes. The increased frequency and fraction of the most damaging landfalling hurricanes is controlled by changes in PI.
  • Journal article
    Konstantinoudis G, Hauser A, Riou J, 2025,

    Ensemble Bayesian modelling with dynamic population to estimate excess deaths due to extreme temperatures

    , SPATIAL AND SPATIO-TEMPORAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, Vol: 55, ISSN: 1877-5845
  • Report
    Mccall M, 2025,

    Climate change impacts on mental health in the UK: Current evidence and opportunities for intervention
  • Journal article
    Konstantinoudis G, Atilola G, Jephcote C, Adams K, Gulliver J, Elliott P, Hansell AL, Blangiardo Met al., 2025,

    Long-term exposure to aircraft noise and cardiovascular disease hospitalization and mortality near major airports in the UK, 2006–2015 – a small area study

    , Environment International, ISSN: 0160-4120

    The environmental disease burden from transport noise in Europe is considered second only to air pollution, but the majority of epidemiological studies relate to road noise. We examined associations between annual average day-evening-night (Lden) and night-time (Lnight) aircraft noise in 2006 and 2011 and cardiovascular disease (CVD) hospitalization and mortality. We used a small area design covering a population of 3.1 million living near London Heathrow, Gatwick, Birmingham and Manchester international airports in 2006–2015. Statistical analysis used Bayesian Poisson regression in linear and categorical analyses. We observed strong evidence of associations between aircraft noise and hospital admissions; for coronary heart disease admissions near London Heathrow, we found an increased risk of 0.44 % (95 % CrI 0.16 %, 0.73 %) and for all-CVD admissions near other airports an increased risk of 0.34 % (95 % CrI 0.04 %, 0.64 %) per 5 dB Lden for noise levels above 50 dB Lden (the cut-off level for available data). However, results were not fully consistent across airports and no associations were seen with stroke hospitalisation and mortality, nor with CVD or CHD mortality. Associations were smaller and less clear than our previous Heathrow study of similar design during 2001–5. Differences over time are likely to relate to changes in population, therefore population confounder structure, over time, as well as reductions in population aircraft noise exposure. Given the increasing evidence base showing associations between noise and cardiovascular disease, we recommend use of large cohorts with better control of confounding at individual-level to provide quantification of exposure–response relationships.
  • Report
    Arrighi J, Dahl K, Giguere J, Keeping T, Otto F, Singh R, Tannenbaum A, Vahlberg M, Barnes C, Baumgart N, Clarke B, Kimutai J, Pereira Marghidan C, Philip S, Pinto I, Raju E, Scholz C, Vrkic D, Zachariah Met al., 2025,

    Ten years of the Paris agreement: the present and future of extreme heat
  • Report
    Jennings N, Sudall E, Brandmayr C, Cowell N, de Nazelle Aet al., 2025,

    Delivering for climate and health: insights from UK decision-makers

    , Publisher: Grantham Institute – Climate Change and the Environment, Imperial College London

    Action to tackle climate change can provide a range of benefits to public health including through reducing exposure to air pollution, improving the quality of homes or promoting physical activity.These co-benefits are not only popular with the public, but ensuring climate action delivers for public health would also help reduce costs to the NHS and the UK economy, and help government funding go further by multi-problem solving.Through interviews with UK decision-makers from local to national government, this report investigates how the health benefits of climate action are currently considered in the decision-making process to highlight examples of good practice and areas for improvement.
  • Journal article
    Quintin-Baxendale R, Sokolikova M, Tao Y, Fisher E, Goli N, Bai H, Murawski J, Yang G, Celorrio V, Liang C, Rao RR, Stephens IEL, Mattevi Cet al., 2025,

    Crystal-phase engineering of nanowires and platelets of KxIrO2 for efficient water oxidation

    , ACS Materials Au, ISSN: 2694-2461

    IrO2 is one of the most widely investigated electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction in an acidic environment. Increasing the mass activity is an effective way of decreasing the loading of Ir, to ultimately reduce costs. Here, we demonstrate the crystal-phase engineering of two different potassium iridate polymorphs obtained by designing a selective solid-state synthesis of either one-dimensional K0.25IrO2 nanowires with a hollandite crystal structure or two-dimensional KIrO2 hexagonal platelets. Both structures present increased specific and mass electrocatalytic activities for the water oxidation reaction in acidic media compared to commercial rutile IrO2 of up to 40%, with the 1D nanowires outperforming the 2D platelets. XANES, extended X-ray absorption fine structure, and X-ray diffraction investigations prove the structural stability of these two different allotropes of KxIrO2 compounds upon electrocatalytic testing. These low-dimensional nanostructured 1D and 2D KxIrO2 compounds with superior mass activity to commercial IrO2 can pave the way toward the design of new electrocatalyst architectures with reduced Ir loading content for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE) anodes.
  • Journal article
    Shi Y, Sun J, Wang R, Long Y, Wang R, Zhou Z, Wu S, Cao XE, Zhao Cet al., 2025,

    Collaborative Design of Light-Absorbing Shell Wrapping and Inner Thermal Conductivity Enhancing for Ca-Based Thermochemical Heat Storage Pellets

    , ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, ISSN: 1616-301X
  • Journal article
    Mikaelsson MA, Jennings NR, Lawrance EL, 2025,

    Systems-level risks of the climate crisis are currently missed: A mental health lens

    , PLOS CLIMATE, Vol: 4
  • Journal article
    Tsui EYL, Toumi R, 2025,

    Re‐intensification of seafalling tropical cyclones

    , Atmospheric Science Letters, Vol: 26, ISSN: 1530-261X

    The study of tropical cyclones re-entering the ocean or making ‘seafall’ has been limited. Here, idealised simulations are used to study the re-intensification of seafalling tropical cyclones. They follow a two-stage fast-slow process driven predominately by a change in surface friction initially and then by heating. The previous land decay causes seafalling tropical cyclones to be larger and intensify more slowly with milder inner-core contraction than in ocean-only cases. Nonetheless, they reach the same intensity but with almost twice the integrated kinetic energy, so that the second landfall made by seafalling tropical cyclones can cause more damage due to their larger footprint of destructive wind.
  • Journal article
    He W, Liu F, Xie M, Chen R, Tan Q-Get al., 2025,

    Simulating the multiple effects of a diatom bloom on metal bioaccumulation in clams

    , MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN, Vol: 219, ISSN: 0025-326X
  • Journal article
    Duarte RPM, Rao R, Ryan MP, Dung T, Celorrio V, Sharman J, Martinez-Bonastre A, Stephens IELet al., 2025,

    Beyond activity: a perspective on diagnosing instability of reversible O₂ catalysts for metal-air batteries

    , EES Catalysis, ISSN: 2753-801X

    Zinc–air redox flow batteries have high potential to penetrate the stationary energy storage market, due to the abundancy, and low cost of active species – oxygen and zinc. However, their technological fruition is limited by the development of reversible O2 electrodes operating at potentials between 0.6 VRHE to 1.7 VRHE, under which no catalyst material has been shown to be stable over long durations. Despite heavy research on the topic of reversible O2 catalysis, little is known about the parameters controlling the stability of the bifunctional catalyst. Several research accounts assess the activity of reversible O2 catalysts, but only a small portion cover degradation mechanism over such a large potential window. In this perspective, we summarize our current understanding of material challenges for Zn–air batteries, reversible O2 catalyst integration strategies, and electrochemical behaviour, with a particular focus on catalyst stability. Nickel cobalt oxide (NiCo2O4), a promising yet understudied system, is used as an example material for investigations at potentials of both the O2 reduction (ORR) and evolution (OER) reactions. We also report original data employing ex situ X-ray diffraction, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, as well as electrochemical measurements to study the activity of NiCo2O4. Furthermore, electrochemical accelerated stress tests are coupled with post-mortem transmission electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to study the dissolution, compositional changes and amorphization of the top surface 5 nm of the catalyst surface. In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy revealed irreversible oxidation of Co centres in NiCo2O4 during OER, which explains the reduction in activity of the ORR after the catalyst was exposed to anodic OER potentials. This methodology provides a broader method to screen reversible O2 catalyst stability and enables us to sum
  • Journal article
    Thomson C, Lough AJM, Moorkens J, Liu T, Gunnells SA, Fitzsimmons JN, Steiner Z, Dunlea AG, Woulds C, Homoky WB, Wang M, Tan Q-G, Liu Fet al., 2025,

    Ecological Impacts of Deep-Sea Mining Waste on Marine Algae and Copepod Tigriopus californicus

    , ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, ISSN: 0013-936X

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