Results
- Showing results for:
- Reset all filters
Search results
-
Journal articleMoss B, Liang C, Carpenter A, et al., 2026,
Publisher Correction: Operando ultraviolet–visible optical spectroelectrochemistry of surfaces (Nature Reviews Methods Primers, (2025), 5, 1, (73), 10.1038/s43586-025-00445-4)
, Nature Reviews Methods Primers, Vol: 6Correction to: Nature Reviews Methods Primershttps://doi.org/10.1038/s43586-025-00445-4, published online 20 November 2025. In the version of the article initially published, Reshma R. Rao and Ifan E. L. Stephens were incorrectly listed with affiliation 1 when it should have been affiliation 2 (Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, UK). In the “Collimation, colour balancing and light guides” section, the equation N=fD should have read N≈Df. In Fig. 1a, the label “σα(λ)” should have read “∆α(λ)”. In Fig. 5c, the colours in the key were switched and should have been a green dot for “PD — IRM” and the blue line should have been “J<inf>cat</inf>”. In Fig. 6a, the bottom label “Redox transition 3” should have been “Redox transition 1”. These corrections have been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.
-
Journal articleLi Y, Zhao J, Cao XE, et al., 2026,
A large language model-based multi-agent methodology for intelligent materials screening: A case study on MOFs for CO2 capture
, Separation and Purification Technology, Vol: 394, ISSN: 1383-5866Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) hold significant potential for CO2 capture owing to their tunable structures, large surface areas, and versatile chemistries. However, current screening strategies are often limited to specific application scenarios and overlook the intrinsic properties of materials, thereby limiting the transferability of findings. Here, an intelligent evaluation framework was proposed that leverages large language models (LLMs) to integrate semantic reasoning with numerical performance metrics. The approach combines molecular structure, elemental composition, and synthetic feasibility with molecular simulations and process modeling to optimize the design. Adsorption behavior is obtained from atomistic simulations, while cyclic performance is assessed through equilibrium-based process simulations. Notably, energy utilization efficiency is explicitly incorporated as a central performance indicator and assigned higher weighting, thereby emphasizing practical deployment considerations. These numerical indicators are further combined with semantic scores derived from an LLM-based multi-agent system, enabling a balanced, interpretable ranking of candidate MOFs. This dual-level strategy reconciles rigorous optimization with engineering feasibility, safety, and compliance. By aligning numerical robustness with semantic interpretability, the methodology addresses the scenario-dependence of conventional screening methods and provides a scalable pathway for intelligent material evaluation. Beyond CO2 capture, the framework is readily extensible to diverse adsorption processes and evaluation metrics, highlighting its potential as a next-generation paradigm for material screening and decision support.
-
Journal articleYang X, Liu T, Zhang Z, et al., 2026,
Architecting anisotropic thermal conductivity in phase change composites by graphene-bacterial cellulose aerogel for efficient solar-thermal harvesting
, Journal of Energy Storage, Vol: 154, ISSN: 2352-152XPhase change materials (PCMs) offer significant potential for storing heat harvested from solar irradiation. However, most PCMs suffer from poor shape stability, limited thermal conductivity as well as insufficient light absorption which severely restrict their solar-thermal efficiency and practical applications. Hence, we developed a facile method for producing high-performance phase change composites (PCCs) by impregnating stearic acid (SA) into the constructed vertically aligned reduced graphene oxide/bacterial cellulose (RGO/BC) aerogels. Experimental results confirm the successful fabrication of an anisotropic architecture in the RGO/BC aerogels via unidirectional freezing, which directly endowed the resulting PCCs with the ability to conduct heat anisotropically. The lateral thermal conductivity is merely 0.35 ± 0.01 W·m−1·K−1, while the axial thermal conductivity attains 0.83 ± 0.02 W·m−1·K−1, significantly exceeding that of pure SA. Moreover, the fabricated PCCs achieve a notable latent heat of 195.6 ± 1.7 J·g−1, corresponding to 83.9% of that of pure SA. Besides, the PCCs demonstrate outstanding shape and thermal cyclic stability. Benefiting from the exceptional light absorption of RGO/BC aerogels, the solar-thermal efficiency of the PCCs reaches 60.03%–75.97% under simulated solar irradiance of 2–3 suns. Overall, this work provides a feasible route to efficient solar-thermal conversion and thermal energy storage.
-
Journal articleLi C, Deng S, Cao XE, et al., 2026,
Accelerating widespread adoption of direct air capture based on system perspective: Thermodynamic limits, geographical deployment, and clean energy integration
, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol: 230, ISSN: 1364-0321Direct Air Capture (DAC) is a critical negative emission technology essential to achieve the global climate targets. However, its widespread adoption is hindered by a multitude of technical, economic, deployment, and sustainability challenges. The purpose of this review is to bridge this critical gap by deconstructing the challenges and opportunities for DAC through a novel, three-tiered analytical framework. Basically, the fundamental challenge of DAC lies in the high energy consumption and low exergy efficiency associated with CO<inf>2</inf> enrichment from its low atmospheric concentration. Analysis suggests that the thermodynamic limits of different DAC pathways, which dictate their theoretical energy consumption, are the primary determinants of their technological maturity and potential for large-scale development. From the perspective of geographical deployment, the idealized notion of placing DAC facilities anywhere is unfeasible due to practical, location-specific constraints. Combining large-scale centralized hubs with agile distributed units is a critical enabler for achieving diversified and efficient deployment. Furthermore, as the environmental benefits of DAC are critically dependent on the availability of clean energy, effective integration with the energy system is paramount. The argument of this review is that DAC, when combined with CO<inf>2</inf> utilization and storage and powered by clean energy, may hold distinct advantages over Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) in terms of theoretical removal potential and resource sustainability, presenting a fundamental opportunity for DAC to become a true negative carbon solution. By providing such a holistic synthesis, our work establishes a strategic roadmap for prioritizing research, investment, and policy, transforming the discourse from isolated technical problems to a cohesive system-engineering challenge.
-
ReportMorgan L, 2026,
Grantham Institute - climate change and the environment | what we do
, Grantham Institute - Climate Change and the Environment | What we do, https://www.imperial.ac.uk/grantham/, Publisher: The Grantham Institute, 1The Grantham Institute brings together world-leading research, education and innovation to drive effective action on the climate and nature crises. In this brochure, you’ll discover more about our work, the people behind it and the impact we’re making.
-
Journal articleTao Y, Utsunomiya T, Yu H, et al., 2026,
Multimodal Operando Characterization of Cation Effects at the Iridium Oxide-Electrolyte Interface for Alkaline Water Oxidation.
, ACS Appl Mater InterfacesUnderstanding the electrode/electrolyte interface is essential for tuning electrocatalyst activity. Here, we combine operando optical spectroscopy, laser-induced current transient (LICT) measurements, and surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRAS) to investigate the origin of cation-dependent oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity on electrodeposited iridium oxide in 0.1 M MOH (M = TMA+, K+, Na+, and Li+). We find that OER activity increases with increasing cation size (TMAOH > KOH > NaOH > LiOH). Operando optical spectroscopy reveals that the energetics of the redox transitions and the population of the redox-active species are independent of the electrolyte. Instead, the intrinsic turnover frequency varies strongly with the nature of the cation. LICT, SEIRAS, and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) simulations suggest that the interfacial solvent structure is the origin of this difference. With increasing cation size, the fraction of isolated water molecules and cation-coordinated water molecules increases, producing a more disordered interfacial environment. LICT measurements confirm that the potential of maximum entropy shifts closer to the water oxidation potential in the presence of larger cations in the electrolyte. We propose that a more disordered interface results in more isolated and reactive OH- ions and faster reorganization of the interfacial solvent structure during the rate-determining O-O bond formation step, thereby accelerating the OER kinetics. Through our work, using multimodal operando spectroscopy and molecular simulations, we highlight how interfacial solvent structure, controlled by electrolyte cations, governs reactivity at complex electrochemical interfaces.
-
ReportMijic A, Rico Carranza E, Bird J, 2026,
Building the evidence base for regional water planning
, Publisher: Imperial Grantham InstituteThis briefing explores the case for taking a more holistic approach to water planning and proposes some concrete steps towards making that a reality. More specifically, while holistic approaches can encompass many important dimensions, including stakeholder engagement, water governance, institutional coordination and decision-making processes, this briefing focuses on the evidence needed to support proposed Regional Water Planning.
-
ReportBarnes C, Santos FLM, García-García D, et al., 2026,
Increasingly severe rainstorms put people and structures built on floodplains at risk
-
Journal articleLiang C, Garcia Verga L, Moss B, et al., 2026,
Key role of oxidizing species driving water oxidation revealed by time-resolved optical and X-ray spectroscopies.
, Nat MaterOxidation states underpin the understanding of active states, reaction mechanisms and catalytic performance of electrocatalysts. However, determining them at complex solid-liquid interfaces is challenging. Here we use multimodal spectroscopy to investigate polarized iridium oxide (IrOx) electrodes, a model water oxidation catalyst, to identify potential-dependent iridium and oxygen oxidation states. By integrating multiple operando spectroscopies (optical (ultraviolet-visible), Ir L-edge and O K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy) with electrochemistry mass spectrometry and density functional theory calculations, we identify the sequential depletion of electron densities from the Ir5d band (corresponding to Ir3+→Ir4+→Ir5+), followed by electron removal from the O2p band, forming electrophilic oxygen species (O-1) due to enhanced Ir-O covalency and electronic state overlap. Time-resolved measurements reveal distinct lifetimes for Ir5+ and O-1 states under water oxidation conditions, Ir5+ remains unreactive whereas O-1 is consumed at a time constant commensurate with the reaction rate, indicating that O-1 drives the oxygen evolution reaction. These findings demonstrate the necessity of using multiple operando techniques to gain a unified understanding of the evolution of oxidation states and active sites with potential for water oxidation on oxide catalysts.
-
ReportDavies B, Atkinson A, Banwell A, et al., 2026,
Climate change and its impact on the Antarctic Peninsula
, Publisher: Imperial Grantham Institute, Newcastle UniversityThe Antarctic Peninsula, part of the British Antarctic Territory, is a global biodiversity hotspot, and a focus of tourism, scientific and fishing operations. The region is warming rapidly, at up to two times the global rate of 0.27°C per decade. This Policy Brief presents the key findings of research into the threats posed to the Peninsula under three global warming scenarios. It provides a vital update to research published in 2019 that examined the impacts of warming limited to 1.5°C, a scenario that is now unachievable.
-
ReportBarnes C, Keeping T, Rivera JA, et al., 2026,
Climate change fuels the destruction of world’s oldest trees
-
ReportPinto I, Kimutai J, Zachariah M, et al., 2026,
La Niña, Climate change, high exposure and vulnerability combined led to devastating floods in parts of Southern Africa
, WWA scientific report -
ReportClarke B, Keeping T, Zachariah M, et al., 2026,
Climate change eclipses La Niña cooling in Australia to drive extreme heatwave and heightened fire risk
-
Journal articleWu J, Zhang Y, Jiang M, et al., 2026,
Onboard carbon capture, utilization, and storage
, Cell Reports Physical Science, Vol: 7Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) represents a key carbon-reduction strategy with significant potential to address global climate change. Current research primarily focuses on mitigation approaches for large-scale terrestrial emitters, such as power plants and petrochemical facilities, whereas comprehensive reviews in the maritime sector remain relatively scarce. In particular, there is a lack of studies that synthesize international development experiences or explore future trends aimed at meeting increasingly stringent carbon-reduction requirements in shipping. This paper reviews the current state of shipboard carbon-capture systems worldwide and emphasizes that real-time onboard CO<inf>2</inf> processing and utilization is likely to emerge as a critical pathway for decarbonizing the shipping industry. Given the distinct composition of marine exhaust gases and the challenges associated with integrating CCUS systems on vessels, future efforts should prioritize integrated system design. Moreover, dedicated technological development adapted to the maritime environment is essential to advance ship-based CCUS solutions.
-
Journal articleGuinane E, Gumuruh S, Tran T, et al., 2026,
Enhancing the economic viability of e-fuels for aviation and shipping decarbonisation through market-based policy interventions
, Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, Vol: 28, ISSN: 1618-954XThis paper examines how market-based policy interventions can enhance the economic viability of e-fuels for aviation and shipping, two hard-to-decarbonise sectors. A novel optimisation-based market penetration assessment model is developed and applied to three case studies, one based on a global shipping scenario with e-Ammonia and e-Methanol, and two based on national scenarios: UK aviation with advanced SAF and e-SAF. The optimisation model quantifies the effectiveness of Contracts-for-Difference (CfD), Carbon Contracts-for-Difference (CCfD), and optimised policy mixes in reducing e-fuel costs. Findings reveal that a combined policy approach can close the price gap between e-fuels and conventional fossil fuels. For instance, a carbon tax of $33.6–$162.8 per tonne CO2, paired with subsidies of $32.3–$79.15 per MWh, could lower e-Ammonia costs by 24%, and e-Methanol by 29% in shipping. In the UK aviation sector, CfD schemes designed to stabilise advanced SAF prices have the potential to reduce government support costs by up to 30%, making advanced SAF more competitive. Moreover, implementing CCfDs linked to emissions reductions for e-SAF could achieve cost parity by 2040 when combined with carbon pricing projected at $150 per tonne CO2. This research supports a more informed and data-driven policy design, ensuring that economic barriers to synthetic fuel adoption are addressed through a balanced, market-driven approach.
-
Journal articleZhong Q, Gan J, Tu S, et al., 2026,
Global increase in rain rate of tropical cyclones prior to landfall.
, Nat Commun, Vol: 17Most studies on tropical cyclone (TC) rain rate focus on long-term variability, yet the short-term (days or shorter) variations across the TC lifecycle, with a particular focus on the period before landfall, are most critical because they strongly influence flood risk. Using satellite data, we show that, globally, the mean rain rate of TCs increases by over 20% from 60 hours before landfall to the time of landfall. This increase occurs across hemispheres, ocean basins, intensity categories, and latitudes, although the magnitude varies. As a TC approaches the coast, land-sea thermal contrasts raise low-level humidity over land, while frictional differences enhance convergence, upward motion, and instability on the offshore side of the circulation. These conditions collectively promote increased convection and precipitation of TCs as they near landfall. Our findings critically strengthen the current understanding of TC precipitation dynamics and support more effective flood management.
-
Journal articleCao XE, 2026,
An unconventional path to convergence
, Matter, Vol: 9, ISSN: 2590-2393In this Matter of Opinion, Xiangkun (Elvis) Cao reflects on how his humble background from rural China sparked his scientific curiosity. Cao also shares how his unconventional journey spanning academia, policy, entrepreneurship, and industry consulting has shaped his vision as he starts his independent scientific career at Imperial College London, aiming to impact climate and sustainability at the convergence of technology, business, and policy.
-
Journal articleLi M, Toumi R, 2026,
Attributing causes of increased intensity of North Atlantic hurricanes using a stochastic model (IRIS)
, Environmental Research Communications, Vol: 8Understanding how changing conditions influence tropical cyclone (TC) intensity is of great importance. This study applies a stochastic model (IRIS) to attribute the causes of the increased North Atlantic hurricane intensity from 1979 to 2024. In the model, the increased potential intensity and southward track shifts towards higher potential intensity comparably contribute to an increasing trend of 0.08 m s<sup>−1</sup> per year in the lifetime maximum intensity. However, the simulated trends were not sensitive to the epochal changes in relative intensity to date. The model also predicts a southward shift in landfall (−0.10 <sup>∘</sup>/yr), which is hard to detect. Our findings emphasize an increasing recent TC risk, particularly at low latitudes.
-
Journal articleSun N, Cao XE, Ling Y, et al., 2026,
Ordered scalable solar-driven dry reforming of methane via synergy of plasmonic catalysts with biomimetic reactors
, Joule, ISSN: 2542-4785Solar-driven dry reforming of methane (DRM) presents a sustainable path to close the carbon cycle but suffers from low solar-fuel efficiency and coke-induced instability. Here, we propose the synergy of plasmonic meta-nanoalloy catalysts with butterfly wing-inspired foam reactors to achieve ordered, scalable solar-driven DRM. Developed NiCoZn/MgAlOx catalysts exhibit a benchmark solar-fuel efficiency of 42.4%, a high H2/CO ratio of 0.95, and a CO2 conversion rate that surpasses thermodynamic equilibrium values. The underlying mechanism is attributed to plasmonic activation of the initial C?H bonding of CH4 and C?O bonding of CO2 while suppressing complete methane cracking, steering the reaction toward an ordered pathway (?CH + ?O = ?CHO) instead of disordered route (?CH = ?C + ?H). Further depositing plasmonic catalysts on biomimetic dual-gradient foam reactors enables the synergy of plasmonic catalysis with light transport, reactants flow, and fluid-solid energy exchange. A bench-scale solar-driven DRM system demonstrates a remarkable solar-fuel efficiency of 41.11% and durable performance of nearly 10,000 min.
-
Journal articleLi M, Toumi R, 2026,
Can tropical cyclones exist near the Equator?
, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Vol: 152, ISSN: 0035-9009Tropical cyclones (TCs) rarely form within about 5 degrees of latitude of theEquator due to the weak Coriolis force, yet it is not clear how a weak Coriolisforce would affect an already developed TC vortex. In this study, a set of Cori-olis parameter (f ) sensitivity experiments are applied to a well-developed TCvortex in idealized simulations by decreasing f to zero, both abruptly and grad-ually. The simulated TCs weaken due to the reduction of f . However, dependingon the initial intensity, it can take several days for the TC to decay to a tropicalstorm. Both radial inflow and outflow strengthen throughout the cyclone depth,because of decreasing inertial stability and increasing agradient force associ-ated with reduced f . This further causes a deeper inflow layer and strengtheneddowndrafts associated with convection in the outer rainbands. The downdraftentrainment of mid-level dry air into the deeper inflow layer stabilizes theboundary layer and suppresses deep convection, ultimately resulting in theweakening of TCs. Although TCs are not formed readily near the Equator, if theyare steered there they could potentially exist long enough to cause damage.
-
Journal articleDuarte RPM, Rao R, Ryan MP, et al., 2026,
Beyond activity: a perspective on diagnosing instability of reversible O₂ catalysts for metal-air batteries
, EES Catalysis, Vol: 4, Pages: 55-76, ISSN: 2753-801XZinc–air redox flow batteries have high potential to penetrate the stationary energy storage market, due to the abundancy, and low cost of active species – oxygen and zinc. However, their technological fruition is limited by the development of reversible O2 electrodes operating at potentials between 0.6 VRHE to 1.7 VRHE, under which no catalyst material has been shown to be stable over long durations. Despite heavy research on the topic of reversible O2 catalysis, little is known about the parameters controlling the stability of the bifunctional catalyst. Several research accounts assess the activity of reversible O2 catalysts, but only a small portion cover degradation mechanism over such a large potential window. In this perspective, we summarize our current understanding of material challenges for Zn–air batteries, reversible O2 catalyst integration strategies, and electrochemical behaviour, with a particular focus on catalyst stability. Nickel cobalt oxide (NiCo2O4), a promising yet understudied system, is used as an example material for investigations at potentials of both the O2 reduction (ORR) and evolution (OER) reactions. We also report original data employing ex situ X-ray diffraction, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, as well as electrochemical measurements to study the activity of NiCo2O4. Furthermore, electrochemical accelerated stress tests are coupled with post-mortem transmission electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to study the dissolution, compositional changes and amorphization of the top surface 5 nm of the catalyst surface. In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy revealed irreversible oxidation of Co centres in NiCo2O4 during OER, which explains the reduction in activity of the ORR after the catalyst was exposed to anodic OER potentials. This methodology provides a broader method to screen reversible O2 catalyst stability and enables us to sum
-
Journal articleLau KH, Toumi R, 2026,
Does vertical wind shear increase tropical cyclone rain?
, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, ISSN: 0035-9009Changes in tropical cyclone (TC) rain induced by vertical wind shear (VWS) have significant implications. Using a 26-year state-of-the-art precipitation dataset, this study provides a systematic analysis of the responses of TC rain to VWS. Results reveal an unexpected VWS-induced rain volume enhancement despite reduced TC intensity, with rain volume up to 23% higher in high- versus low-shear conditions. The responses are spatially asymmetric: rainfall increases in the outer region but decreases in the inner core, and enhancements downshear generally outweigh suppressions upshear, yielding a net increase in rain production. Beyond the mean response, VWS also modifies rainfall extremes and storm structure. It reduces the maximum azimuthal mean rain rate, whereas the maximum local rain rate remains largely unchanged and even intensifies slightly in the strongest TCs. The radii of rainfall maxima expand outward with shear, and the peak local rain rate tends to converge with the azimuthal mean maximum at high shear. When adjusted by storm intensity, stronger shear enables higher rain rates, larger rain areas, and greater rain volumes for the same TC intensity. These results challenge the conventional view of shear as purely detrimental to TCs, revealing a dual role: VWS weakens winds but enhances rainfall, potentially mitigating wind damage while amplifying flood risk. This trade-off underscores the need to account for shear-induced hydrological impacts in TC hazard assessment and prediction.
-
Journal articleWang J, Chen R, Huang C, et al., 2026,
Mapping innovations in direct air capture: A systematic patent review and literature comparison
, RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS, Vol: 226, ISSN: 1364-0321 -
ReportOtto F, Keeping T, Vrkic D, et al., 2025,
Unequal evidence and impacts, limits to adaptation: Extreme Weather in 2025
-
ReportKew S, Zachariah M, Barnes C, et al., 2025,
Increasing heavy rainfall and extreme flood heights in a warming climate threaten densely populated regions across Sri Lanka and the Malacca Strait
-
Journal articleLiu S, Li S, Cao XE, et al., 2025,
An ultra-fast and eco-friendly recycling process for spent LIBs using deep eutectic solvents: mechanism and life-cycle insight
, Green Chemistry, Vol: 27, Pages: 14648-14657, ISSN: 1463-9262The accumulation of end-of-life lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) highlights the need for an efficient and environmentally friendly recycling process. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have gained significant attention due to their benefits of being green and economical; however, the environmental impact of processes using DESs has not been widely studied yet. In this context, a rapid leaching method using a green choline chloride (ChCl)–maleic acid (MA) DES was applied to LIBs leaching, which showed much enhanced kinetics compared with most of the DESs and achieved high leaching efficiencies of 84.53% for Li and 80.04% for Co from LCO within 10 min at 140 °C. The ChCl–MA DES can serve both as a lixiviant and a reducing agent, with a reducing ability comparable to that of the traditional hydrometallurgy reductant H<inf>2</inf>O<inf>2</inf>. The ChCl–MA DES presented good reusability and adaptability which can be reused for 5 times with performance remained unchanged and suitable for multiple LIBs include LMO, LFP and NMC. Through density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the leaching mechanism was analyzed: the carboxyl group of MA reduced Co(iii) to Co(ii), making it soluble, and Cl<sup>−</sup> within the DES formed stable [LiCl<inf>2</inf>]<sup>−</sup> and [CoCl<inf>4</inf>]<sup>2−</sup> complexes with Li and Co, respectively. Moreover, based on a life cycle assessment (LCA), the environmental impact of the DES leaching process was assessed and it was validated as being effective and eco-friendly for recycling spent LIBs, compared with an ethylene glycol DES, a urea DES, and the same DES with different molar ratios. This study eliminated the use of corrosive acids and mitigated the typically severe conditions of DES leaching, offering a practical approach for recovering spent LIBs.
-
Journal articleHatton L, Staffell I, Oluleye G, et al., 2025,
Historical and future projected costs of capital for ten energy technologies across 176 countries
, Scientific Data, Vol: 12, ISSN: 2052-4463Accelerating the deployment of clean generation technologies will be key to achieving global climate targets, yet accurately modelling the financial conditions they face is challenging. The cost of capital (or discount rate) is a key input for energy system models, which are used widely to explore future decarbonisation scenarios. Despite its importance, data on the cost of capital is typically outdated, closed-source and geographically concentrated. Even for countries with substantial technology deployment, accessing empirical data can be difficult, leading to the use of standard assumptions in modelling which can substantially bias results (due to the high capital intensity of clean technologies). Here, we provide estimates of the cost of capital for 10 generation technologies at a national level (including solar, wind, bioenergy, and natural gas with carbon capture) for 176 countries, for 2015 to 2030 spanning 27,640 data points. An interactive web tool available at wacc-forecaster.streamlit.app has also been produced to visualise estimates for given years, countries and technologies, making results more accessible to a range of audiences.
-
ReportWestbury P, Arlinghaus J, Bateman I, et al., 2025,
The UKRI Strategic Priorities Fund Greenhouse Gas Removal Demonstrators (GGR-D) Programme: an overview of key research insights and cross-cutting lessons
, Publisher: Grantham Institute for Climate Change -
Journal articleLi X, Liu C, Cao XE, et al., 2025,
Powering chemical hydrogen storage with photothermochemical catalysis
, MATTER, Vol: 8, ISSN: 2590-2393 -
Journal articleLi S, Du Z, Wang J, et al., 2025,
Direct air capture-assisted sustainable fuel solution in maritime sector: a carbon footprint perspective
, Carbon Research, Vol: 4Carbon emissions reduction within the maritime sector is pivotal for realizing zero-carbon goals and mitigating climate impacts. Adopting renewable carbon fuels presents a potent strategy. It is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of its negative carbon attributes and enduring contributions to future development based on carbon footprint assessment. By using the CO<inf>2</inf> captured through direct air capture (DAC) technology and the H<inf>2</inf> obtained via water electrolysis as feedstock, electro-methanol (e-methanol) can be produced under renewable energy-driven conditions. Owing to the environmental benefits and economic feasibility of e-methanol, we highlight its potential as a practical alternative to traditional fossil fuel-based technical scenarios. A quantitative analysis of this integrated system from a carbon footprint perspective allows for an environmental sustainability assessment. According to predictions, scaled-up usage of the system can reduce the maritime sector's contribution to global carbon emissions by half by 2050.
This data is extracted from the Web of Science and reproduced under a licence from Thomson Reuters. You may not copy or re-distribute this data in whole or in part without the written consent of the Science business of Thomson Reuters.
View publications by:
Topic
Climate Science
Earth and Life Sciences
Energy and Low-Carbon Futures
Resources and Pollution
Economics and Finance
Health
View all publications and browse by year
Publication type
Briefing papers and Briefing notes
Grantham Institute Outlooks
Evidence & submission papers
Infographics
Institute reports and analytics notes
Grantham notes
Collaborative publications
Discussion papers
Institute event overviews
Working papers