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@article{Rai:2024:10.1016/j.egyr.2024.05.049,
author = {Rai, UJ and Oluleye, G and Hawkes, A},
doi = {10.1016/j.egyr.2024.05.049},
journal = {Energy Reports},
pages = {5800--5818},
title = {Stochastic optimisation model to determine the optimal contractual capacity of a distributed energy resource offered in a balancing services contract to maximise profit},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2024.05.049},
volume = {11},
year = {2024}
}
TY - JOUR
AB - In the realm of grid balancing services, determining the generation capacity of a distributed energy resource for contractual agreements with the system operator is pivotal. However, prevalent heuristic or deterministic methodologies employed by demand response aggregators often lack risk assessment and may not optimize generation capacity allocation. Consequently, the potential for maximizing utilization profits remains untapped. This paper addresses these limitations and explains the necessity of using the optimal generation capacity of a grid-connected distributed energy resource which is also fulfilling site electricity demand to maximise profit and mitigate penalties both for demand response aggregators and their clients. Demand response aggregators provide these services to the system operator on behalf of their clients whose electrical generation assets they utilize on a profit-sharing basis. The primary challenge investigated in this study lies in effectively managing the uncertainty surrounding both site electricity demand and short-term operating reserve calls by the system operator through a novel two-step approach. Firstly, a demand bin characterization technique is employed to account for site demand uncertainty. Subsequently, a stochastic model utilizing mixed integer nonlinear programming is developed using the General Algebraic Modeling System, incorporating five years of uncertainty regarding the frequency of short-term operating reserve calls which makes it instrumental and novel in determining optimal contractual generation capacity in a balancing service contract, as well as associated profits and penalties, under varying utilization prices. This distinctiveness positions it as an advancement over and distinct from deterministic approaches. Case study results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed stochastic model in comparison to deterministic methods utilized in prior research. Specifically, the stochastic model yields a realistic profit incr
AU - Rai,UJ
AU - Oluleye,G
AU - Hawkes,A
DO - 10.1016/j.egyr.2024.05.049
EP - 5818
PY - 2024///
SN - 2352-4847
SP - 5800
TI - Stochastic optimisation model to determine the optimal contractual capacity of a distributed energy resource offered in a balancing services contract to maximise profit
T2 - Energy Reports
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2024.05.049
UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352484724003275
VL - 11
ER -
Climate Science
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