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  • Journal article
    Gajdacsi A, Jarvis AJC, Huthwaite P, Cegla FBet al., 2014,

    Reconstruction of Temperature Distribution in a Steel Block Using an Ultrasonic Sensor Array

    , Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation, Vol: 33, Pages: 458-470, ISSN: 1573-4862

    Permanently installed ultrasonic sensors have thecapability of measuring much smaller changes in the signalthan conventional sensors that are used for ultrasonic inspections.This is because uncertainties associated with couplingfluids and positional offsets are eliminated. Therefore it ispotentially possible to monitor the onset of material degradation.A particular degradation mechanism that we are keento monitor is high temperature hydrogen attack; where theamount of damage is linked to a drop in ultrasonic velocitywhich we hope can be monitored for with an ultrasonic array.The changes introduced in the ultrasonic propagation velocityare expected to be of the order of 1 % and in practice theyare observable only from a very limited field of view (i.e. fromthe outside of a pipe) and therefore the reconstruction is challengingto accomplish. In order to explore the feasibility ofthis, we are investigating the reconstruction of a non-uniformtemperature distribution which allows us to quickly evaluatethe sensitivity of our method to small spatial variations inultrasonic velocity of the material. Two reconstruction algorithmswere implemented and their performance comparedin simulated and real measurements. The results of the testswere encouraging: local temperature differences as low as10 ◦C could be detected, which corresponds to a local propagationvelocity change of 5 m/s (0.15 % relative velocitychange).
  • Journal article
    Deschamps M, Lowe M, 2014,

    Preface

    , ULTRASONICS, Vol: 54, Pages: 1719-1719, ISSN: 0041-624X
  • Journal article
    Leinov E, Jackson MD, 2014,

    Experimental measurements of the SP response to concentration and temperature gradients in sandstones with application to subsurface geophysical monitoring

    , JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH, Vol: 119, Pages: 6855-6876, ISSN: 2169-9313
  • Journal article
    Brierley N, Tippetts T, Cawley P, 2014,

    Data fusion for automated non-destructive inspection

    , Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol: 470, Pages: 1-25, ISSN: 1364-5021

    In industrial non-destructive evaluation (NDE), it is increasingly common for data acquisition to be automated, driving a recent substantial increase in the availability of data. The collected data need to be analysed, typically necessitating the painstaking manual labour of a skilled operator. Moreover, in automated NDE a region of an inspected component is typically interrogated several times, be it within a single data channel due to multiple probe passes, across several channels acquired simultaneously or over the course of repeated inspections. The systematic combination of these diverse readings is recognized to offer an opportunity to improve the reliability of the inspection, but is not achievable in a manual analysis. This paper describes a data-fusion-based software framework providing a partial automation capability, allowing component regions to be declared defect-free to a very high probability while readily identifying defect indications, thereby optimizing the use of the operator's time. The system is designed to applicable to a wide range of automated NDE scenarios, but the processing is exemplified using the industrial ultrasonic immersion inspection of aerospace turbine discs. Results obtained for industrial datasets demonstrate an orders-of-magnitude reduction in false-call rates, for a given probability of detection, achievable using the developed software system.
  • Journal article
    Huthwaite P, 2014,

    Evaluation of inversion approaches for guided wave thickness mapping

    , Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol: 470, Pages: 1-28, ISSN: 1364-5021

    Accurate inversion is vital for quantitative imaging, including ultrasonic guided wave tomography, where thickness maps of plate-like structures are reconstructed to quantify corrosion damage. The dispersive properties of guided waves are often exploited to enable thickness maps to be produced from wave speed reconstructions. Ray tomography, diffraction tomography and a hybrid algorithm combining their features were investigated to reconstruct wave speed. Test data produced from simple defects of different sizes using a realistic full elastic guided wave model and the equivalent idealized acoustic model were passed to the imaging algorithms, generating wave speed maps, and, from these, thickness maps. For both datasets, ray tomography exhibited poor resolution. Diffraction tomography performed better, but was limited to shallow, small defects. The hybrid algorithm achieved the best results, giving a resolution around 1.5–2 wavelengths from the realistic test data compared to half wavelength from the idealized case. These results were validated with experimental data, and also extended to a realistic corrosion patch confirming the trends demonstrated with simple defects. The resolution loss with realistic data compared with idealized data indicates the acoustic model cannot accurately capture guided wave scattering and an alternative approach is necessary for better resolution reconstructions.
  • Journal article
    Escobar-Ruiz E, Ruiz A, Hassan W, Wright DC, Collison IJ, Cawley P, Nagy PBet al., 2014,

    Non-linear Ultrasonic NDE of Titanium Diffusion Bonds

    , JOURNAL OF NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, Vol: 33, Pages: 187-195, ISSN: 0195-9298
  • Journal article
    Attarian VA, Cegla FB, Cawley P, 2014,

    Long-term stability of guided wave structural health monitoring using distributed adhesively bonded piezoelectric transducers

    , STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, Vol: 13, Pages: 265-280, ISSN: 1475-9217
  • Journal article
    Huthwaite P, 2014,

    Accelerated finite element elastodynamic simulations using the GPU

    , Journal of Computational Physics, Vol: 257, Pages: 687-707, ISSN: 0021-9991

    An approach is developed to perform explicit time domain finite element simulations of elastodynamic problems on the graphical processing unit, using Nvidiaʼs CUDA. Of critical importance for this problem is the arrangement of nodes in memory, allowing data to be loaded efficiently and minimising communication between the independently executed blocks of threads. The initial stage of memory arrangement is partitioning the mesh; both a well established ‘greedy’ partitioner and a new, more efficient ‘aligned’ partitioner are investigated. A method is then developed to efficiently arrange the memory within each partition. The software is applied to three models from the fields of non-destructive testing, vibrations and geophysics, demonstrating a memory bandwidth of very close to the cardʼs maximum, reflecting the bandwidth-limited nature of the algorithm. Comparison with Abaqus, a widely used commercial CPU equivalent, validated the accuracy of the results and demonstrated a speed improvement of around two orders of magnitude. A software package, Pogo, incorporating these developments, is released open source, downloadable from http://www.pogo-fea.com/ to benefit the community.
  • Journal article
    Lan B, Lowe M, Dunne FPE, 2014,

    Experimental and computational studies of ultrasound wave propagation in hexagonal close-packed polycrystals for texture detection

    , Acta Materialia, Vol: 63, Pages: 107-122, ISSN: 1359-6454

    Texture in hexagonal close-packed (hcp) polycrystalline metals, often developed during thermomechanical processing, affects ultrasonic wave velocity. In this study, the relationship between bulk texture and ultrasonic wave velocity in aggregates of (predominantly) hcp grains is investigated using theoretical, numerical and experimental methods. A representative volume element methodology is presented, enabling the effects of texture on ultrasonic wave speed to be investigated in two-phase polycrystals, and is employed to examine the ultrasonic response of random polycrystals, textured polycrystals and macro-zones often observed in titanium alloys. Numerical results show that ultrasonic wave speed varies progressively with changing texture, over a range of ∼200 m s−1, within bounds set by the two extreme single-crystal orientations. Experimental ultrasound studies and full electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) characterization are conducted on unidirectionally rolled and cross-rolled Ti–6Al–4V samples in three orthogonal directions. In addition, the EBSD-determined textures are incorporated within the polycrystal model and predicted ultrasonic velocities compared directly with ultrasonic experiments. Good quantitative agreement is obtained and both the experimental and computed results demonstrate that ultrasonic velocity profiles exist for random, unidirectionally rolled and cross-rolled textures. The combined results indicate the possibility of the development of a methodology for bulk texture determination within Ti polycrystal components using ultrasound.
  • Conference paper
    Brierley N, Tippetts T, Cawley P, 2014,

    Improving the Reliability of Automated Non-Destructive Inspection

    , 10th International Conference on Barkhausen and Micro-Magnetics (ICBM), Publisher: American Institute of Physics (AIP), Pages: 1912-1919, ISSN: 1551-7616

    In automated NDE a region of an inspected component is often interrogated several times, be it within a single data channel, across multiple channels or over the course of repeated inspections. The systematic combination of these diverse readings is recognized to provide a means to improve the reliability of the inspection, for example by enabling noise suppression. Specifically, such data fusion makes it possible to declare regions of the component defect-free to a very high probability whilst readily identifying indications. Registration, aligning input datasets to a common coordinate system, is a critical pre-computation before meaningful data fusion takes place. A novel scheme based on a multiobjective optimization is described. The developed data fusion framework, that is able to identify and rate possible indications in the dataset probabilistically, based on local data statistics, is outlined. The process is demonstrated on large data sets from the industrial ultrasonic testing of aerospace turbine disks, with major improvements in the probability of detection and probability of false call being obtained.
  • Conference paper
    Corcoran J, Cawley P, Nagy PB, 2014,

    A Potential Drop Strain Sensor for In-Situ Power Station Creep Monitoring

    , 10th International Conference on Barkhausen and Micro-Magnetics (ICBM), Publisher: AMER INST PHYSICS, Pages: 1482-1487, ISSN: 0094-243X
  • Conference paper
    Huthwaite P, Lowe MJS, 2014,

    High Speed Finite Element Simulations on the Graphics Card

    , 10th International Conference on Barkhausen and Micro-Magnetics (ICBM), Publisher: AMER INST PHYSICS, Pages: 2007-2014, ISSN: 0094-243X
  • Conference paper
    Van Pamel A, Lowe MJS, Brett CR, 2014,

    Evaluation of Ultrasonic Array Imaging Algorithms for Inspection of a Coarse Grained Material

    , 10th International Conference on Barkhausen and Micro-Magnetics (ICBM), Publisher: AMER INST PHYSICS, Pages: 156-163, ISSN: 0094-243X
  • Conference paper
    Fan Z, Lowe M, 2014,

    Array Imaging of Austenitic Welds by Measuring Weld Material Map

    , 10th International Conference on Barkhausen and Micro-Magnetics (ICBM), Publisher: AMER INST PHYSICS, Pages: 941-947, ISSN: 0094-243X
  • Conference paper
    Choi W, Skelton EA, Shi F, Lowe MJS, Craster RVet al., 2014,

    Rough Surface Reconstruction for Ultrasonic NDE Simulation

    , 10th International Conference on Barkhausen and Micro-Magnetics (ICBM), Publisher: AMER INST PHYSICS, Pages: 587-594, ISSN: 0094-243X
  • Conference paper
    Leinov E, Cawley P, Lowe MJS, 2014,

    Investigation of Guided Waves Propagation in Pipe Buried in Sand

    , 10th International Conference on Barkhausen and Micro-Magnetics (ICBM), Publisher: AMER INST PHYSICS, Pages: 271-278, ISSN: 0094-243X
  • Conference paper
    Huthwaite P, Ribichini R, Lowe MJS, Cawley Pet al., 2014,

    Lamb Mode Selection for Accurate Wall Loss Estimation via Guided Wave Tomography

    , 10th International Conference on Barkhausen and Micro-Magnetics (ICBM), Publisher: AMER INST PHYSICS, Pages: 193-200, ISSN: 0094-243X
  • Conference paper
    Pettit JR, Walker A, Lowe MJS, 2014,

    Improved Detection of Rough Defects for Ultrasonic NDE Inspections Based on Finite Element Modeling of Elastic Wave Scattering

    , 10th International Conference on Barkhausen and Micro-Magnetics (ICBM), Publisher: AMER INST PHYSICS, Pages: 521-528, ISSN: 0094-243X
  • Conference paper
    Pettit JR, Walker A, Lowe MJS, 2014,

    A Stiffness Reduction Method for Efficient Modelling of Waves in Unbound Media Using Commercially Available Finite Elements Packages

    , 10th International Conference on Barkhausen and Micro-Magnetics (ICBM), Publisher: AMER INST PHYSICS, Pages: 579-586, ISSN: 0094-243X
  • Conference paper
    Seher M, Huthwaite P, Lowe M, Nagy P, Cawley Pet al., 2014,

    Numerical Design Optimization of an EMAT for A0 Lamb Wave Generation in Steel Plates

    , 10th International Conference on Barkhausen and Micro-Magnetics (ICBM), Publisher: AMER INST PHYSICS, Pages: 340-347, ISSN: 0094-243X

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