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ReportContestabile M, Offer GJ, North R, 2012,
Electric Vehicles: A Synthesis of the Current Literature with a Focus on Economic and Environmental Viability
, Publisher: LCAworks -
Journal articleMacKenzie RCI, Shuttle CG, Chabinyc ML, et al., 2012,
Extracting Microscopic Device Parameters from Transient Photocurrent Measurements of P3HT:PCBM Solar Cells
, ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS, Vol: 2, Pages: 662-669, ISSN: 1614-6832- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 151
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Journal articleHowe C, Milner-Gulland EJ, 2012,
The view from the office is not all bad: Conservation evaluation as a ’sexy’ research goal
, Animal Conservation, Vol: 15, Pages: 231-232, ISSN: 1367-9430 -
Journal articlePapworth SK, Bunnefeld N, Slocombe K, et al., 2012,
Movement ecology of human resource users: using net squared displacement, biased random bridges and resource utilization functions to quantify hunter and gatherer behaviour
, METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION, Vol: 3, Pages: 584-594, ISSN: 2041-210X- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 31
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Journal articleHoshino E, Milner-Gulland EJ, Hillary RM, 2012,
Bioeconomic adaptive management procedures for short-lived species: A case study of Pacific saury (<i>Cololabis saira</i>) and Japanese common squid (<i>Todarodes pacificus</i>)
, FISHERIES RESEARCH, Vol: 121, Pages: 17-30, ISSN: 0165-7836- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 10
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Journal articleRoss N, Bingham RG, Corr HFJ, et al., 2012,
Steep reverse bed slope at the grounding line of the Weddell Sea sector in West Antarctica
, NATURE GEOSCIENCE, Vol: 5, Pages: 393-396, ISSN: 1752-0894- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 91
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Journal articleLauridsen RB, Edwards FK, Bowes MJ, et al., 2012,
Consumer–resource elemental imbalances in a nutrient-rich stream
, Freshwater Science, Vol: 31, Pages: 408-422, ISSN: 2161-9549 -
Journal articlevan Sebille E, Johns WE, Beal LM, 2012,
Does the vorticity flux from Agulhas rings control the zonal pathway of NADW across the South Atlantic?
, JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS, Vol: 117, ISSN: 2169-9275- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 41
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Journal articleAhmed SE, Ewers RM, 2012,
Spatial pattern of standing timber value across the Brazilian Amazon
, PLoS One, Vol: 7, Pages: 1-7, ISSN: 1932-6203The Amazon is a globally important system, providing a host of ecosystem services from climate regulation to food sources. It is also home to a quarter of all global diversity. Large swathes of forest are removed each year, and many models have attempted to predict the spatial patterns of this forest loss. The spatial patterns of deforestation are determined largely by the patterns of roads that open access to frontier areas and expansion of the road network in the Amazon is largely determined by profit seeking logging activities. Here we present predictions for the spatial distribution of standing value of timber across the Amazon. We show that the patterns of timber value reflect large-scale ecological gradients, determining the spatial distribution of functional traits of trees which are, in turn, correlated with timber values. We expect that understanding the spatial patterns of timber value across the Amazon will aid predictions of logging movements and thus predictions of potential future road developments. These predictions in turn will be of great use in estimating the spatial patterns of deforestation in this globally important biome.
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Journal articleZhao F, Li X, Graham N, 2012,
Treatment of a model HA compound (resorcinol) by potassium manganate
, SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY, Vol: 91, Pages: 52-58, ISSN: 1383-5866- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 11
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Journal articleChiong MS, Rajoo S, Martinez-Botas RF, et al., 2012,
Engine turbocharger performance prediction: One-dimensional modeling of a twin entry turbine
, ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT, Vol: 57, Pages: 68-78, ISSN: 0196-8904- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 69
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Journal articleKeirstead JE, Samsatli N, Shah N, et al., 2012,
The impact of CHP (combined heat and power) planning restrictions on the efficiency of urban energy systems
, Energy, Vol: 41, Pages: 93-103Cities account for approximately two-thirds of global primary energy consumption and have large heat and power demands. CHP (combined heat and power) systems offer significant primary energy-efficiency gains and emissions reductions, but they can have high upfront investment costs and create nuisance pollution within the urban environment. Urban planners therefore need to understand the tradeoffs between limitations on CHP plant size and the performance of the overall energy system. This paper uses a mixed-integer linear programming model to evaluate urban energy system designs for a range of city sizes and technology scenarios. The results suggest that the most cost-effective and energy-efficient scenarios require a mix of technology scales including CHP plants of appropriate size for the total urban demand. For the cities studied here (less than 200,000 people), planning restrictions that prevent the use of CHP technologies could lead to total system cost penalties of 2% (but with significantly different cost structures) and energy-efficiency penalties of up to 24% when measured against a boiler-only business-as-usual case.
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Journal articleCheng YY, Fueckel B, MacQueen RW, et al., 2012,
Improving the light-harvesting of amorphous silicon solar cells with photochemical upconversion
, ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE, Vol: 5, Pages: 6953-6959, ISSN: 1754-5692- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 322
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Journal articleJahn W, Rein G, Torero JL, 2012,
Forecasting fire dynamics using inverse computational fluid dynamics and tangent linearisation
, ADVANCES IN ENGINEERING SOFTWARE, Vol: 47, Pages: 114-126, ISSN: 0965-9978- Author Web Link
- Open Access Link
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- Citations: 29
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Journal articleBrightman E, Maher R, Offer GJ, et al., 2012,
Designing a miniaturised heated stage for <i>in situ</i> optical measurements of solid oxide fuel cell electrode surfaces, and probing the oxidation of solid oxide fuel cell anodes using <i>in situ</i> Raman spectroscopy
, REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS, Vol: 83, ISSN: 0034-6748- Author Web Link
- Open Access Link
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- Citations: 17
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Journal articleMacPhee SL, Gerhard JI, Rein G, 2012,
A novel method for simulating smoldering propagation and its application to STAR (Self-sustaining Treatment for Active Remediation)
, ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE, Vol: 31, Pages: 84-98, ISSN: 1364-8152- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 16
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Journal articleRychert CA, Hammond JOS, Harmon N, et al., 2012,
Volcanism in the Afar Rift sustained by decompression melting with minimal plume influence
, Nature Geoscience, Vol: 5 -
Journal articleGuilbert AAY, Reynolds LX, Bruno A, et al., 2012,
Effect of Multiple Adduct Fullerenes on Microstructure and Phase Behaviour of P3HT:Fullerene Blend Films for Organic Solar Cells
, ACS Nano, ISSN: 1936-0851 -
Journal articleIacovidou E, Ohandja D-G, Voulvoulis N, 2012,
Food waste disposal units in UK households: the need for policy intervention.
, Science of the Total Environment, Vol: 423, Pages: 1-7The EU Landfill Directive requires Member States to reduce the amount of biodegradable waste disposed of to landfill. This has been a key driver for the establishment of new waste management options, particularly in the UK, which in the past relied heavily on landfill for the disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW). MSW in the UK is managed by Local Authorities, some of which in a less conventional way have been encouraging the installation and use of household food waste disposal units (FWDs) as an option to divert food waste from landfill. This study aimed to evaluate the additional burden to water industry operations in the UK associated with this option, compared with the benefits and related savings from the subsequent reductions in MSW collection and disposal. A simple economic analysis was undertaken for different FWD uptake scenarios, using the Anglian Region as a case study. Results demonstrated that the significant savings from waste collection arising from a large-scale uptake of FWDs would outweigh the costs associated with the impacts to the water industry. However, in the case of a low uptake, such savings would not be enough to cover the increased costs associated with the wastewater provision. As a result, this study highlights the need for policy intervention in terms of regulating the use of FWDs, either promoting them as an alternative to landfill to increase savings from waste management, or banning them as a threat to wastewater operations to reduce potential costs to the water industry.
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Journal articleKirchartz T, Gong W, Hawks SA, et al., 2012,
Sensitivity of the Mott-Schottky Analysis in Organic Solar Cells
, JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C, Vol: 116, Pages: 7672-7680, ISSN: 1932-7447- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 236
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Journal articleWang X, Ishwara T, Gong W, et al., 2012,
High-Performance Metal-Free Solar Cells Using Stamp Transfer Printed Vapor Phase Polymerized Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene) Top Anodes
, ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Vol: 22, Pages: 1454-1460, ISSN: 1616-301X- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 65
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Journal articleBrindley H, Knippertz P, Ryder C, et al., 2012,
A critical evaluation of the ability of the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) thermal infrared red-green-blue rendering to identify dust events: Theoretical analysis
, JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES, Vol: 117, ISSN: 2169-897X- Author Web Link
- Open Access Link
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- Citations: 71
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Journal articleBone J, Archer M, Barraclough D, et al., 2012,
Public participation in soil surveys: lessons from a pilot study in England.
, Environmental Science and Technology, Vol: 46, Pages: 3687-3696In many countries there are policies in place that impact on soils, but very few legislative or policy tools specifically for the protection of soil. Recent EU legislative proposals on soil protection have been met with opposition on the grounds of excessive cost and resource demands. With the need for evidence based policy, and recognition that involving the public in environmental monitoring is an effective way of increasing understanding and commitment, there has been growing interest in soil surveys. In addition, it is accepted that the success of environmental policies depends greatly on how effectively scientists, regulators, stakeholders, and society communicate. This paper presents the Open Air Laboratories (OPAL) Soil and Earthworm Survey as an example of public participation in soil surveys that aims to integrate the above. It is demonstrated how such surveys generate data that can be used to prioritise soil assessment, in order to address some of the concerns and objections to soil protection policies. Lessons from this pilot study in England highlight that with strategic planning of civic participation activities, this approach can deliver improvements in the quality of the evidence collected and allow for effective public involvement in policymaking and implementation, on top of direct educational benefits.
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Journal articleOffer GJ, Yufit V, Howey DA, et al., 2012,
Module design and fault diagnosis in electric vehicle batteries
, Journal of Power SourcesSystems integration issues, such as electrical and thermal design and management of full battery packs–often containing hundreds of cells–have been rarely explored in the academic literature. In this paper we discuss the design and construction of a 9 kWh battery pack for a motorsports application. The pack contained 504 lithium cells arranged into 2 sidepods, each containing 3 modules, with each module in a 12P7S configuration. This paper focuses particularly on testing the full battery pack and diagnosing subsequent problems related to cells being connected in parallel. We demonstrate how a full vehicle test can be used to identify malfunctioning strings of cells for further investigation. After individual cell testing it was concluded that a single high inter-cell contact resistance was causing currents to flow unevenly within the pack, leading to cells being unequally worked. This is supported by a Matlab/Simulink model of one battery module, including contact resistances. Over time the unequal current flowing through cells can lead to significant differences in cells’ state of charge and open circuit voltages, large currents flowing between cells even when the load is disconnected, cells discharging and aging more quickly than others, and jeopardise capacity and lifetime of the pack.
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Journal articlePahnke K, van de Flierdt T, Jones KM, et al., 2012,
GEOTRACES intercalibration of neodymium isotopes and rare earth element concentrations in seawater and suspended particles. Part 2: Systematic tests and baseline profiles
, LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY-METHODS, Vol: 10, Pages: 252-269, ISSN: 1541-5856- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 45
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Journal articleWeijer W, Sloyan BM, Maltrud ME, et al., 2012,
The Southern Ocean and Its Climate in CCSM4
, JOURNAL OF CLIMATE, Vol: 25, Pages: 2652-2675, ISSN: 0894-8755- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 51
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Journal articleChan NLA, Ekins-Daukes NJ, Adams JGJ, et al., 2012,
Optimal Bandgap Combinations-Does Material Quality Matter?
, IEEE JOURNAL OF PHOTOVOLTAICS, Vol: 2, Pages: 202-208, ISSN: 2156-3381- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 27
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Journal articlePerkins DM, YvonDurocher G, Demars BOL, et al., 2012,
Consistent temperature dependence of respiration across ecosystems contrasting in thermal history
, Global Change Biology, Vol: 18, Pages: 1300-1311, ISSN: 1354-1013<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Ecosystem respiration is a primary component of the carbon cycle and understanding the mechanisms that determine its temperature dependence will be important for predicting how rates of carbon efflux might respond to global warming. We used a rare model system, comprising a network of geothermally heated streams ranging in temperature from 5 °C to 25 °C, to explore the nature of the relationship between respiration and temperature. Using this ‘natural experiment’, we tested whether the natal thermal regime of stream communities influenced the temperature dependence of respiration in the absence of other potentially confounding variables. An empirical survey of 13 streams across the thermal gradient revealed that the temperature dependence of whole‐stream respiration was equivalent to the average activation energy of the respiratory complex (0.6–0.7 eV). This observation was also consistent for <jats:italic>in‐situ</jats:italic> benthic respiration. Laboratory experiments, incubating biofilms from four streams across the thermal gradient at a range of temperatures, revealed that the activation energy and Q<jats:sub>10</jats:sub> of respiration were remarkably consistent across streams, despite marked differences in their thermal history and significant turnover in species composition. Furthermore, absolute rates of respiration at standardised temperature were also unrelated to ambient stream temperature, but strongly reflected differences in biofilm biomass. Together, our results suggest that the core biochemistry, which drives the kinetics of oxidative respiratory metabolism, may be well conserved among diverse taxa and environments, and that the intrinsic sensitivity of respiration to temperature is not influenced by ambient environmental temperature.</jats:p>
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Journal articleSkea J, Chaudry M, Wang X, 2012,
The role of gas infrastructure in promoting UK energy security
, ENERGY POLICY, Vol: 43, Pages: 202-213, ISSN: 0301-4215- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 18
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Journal articleSivakumar A, Batley R, Polak JW, 2012,
Toward the future of travel behaviour and demand modelling
, TRANSPORTATION LETTERS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH, Vol: 4, Pages: 75-77, ISSN: 1942-7867- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 2
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