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Conference paperTassell C, Aurisicchio M, 2021,
A Systems Thinking Framework Integrating Circular Behaviour Research
, PLATE -
Conference paperGhajari M, Donat CK, Lopez MY, et al., 2021,
Computational prediction of contusion and white matter injury in an animal model of traumatic brain injury
, 2020 IRCOBI (postponed until 2021), Publisher: International Research Council on Biomechanics of Injury (IRCOBI), Pages: 134-136 -
Journal articleSmith M, Sepulchre R, Astolfi A, 2021,
Foreword
, IFAC Papersonline, Vol: 54 -
Journal articleDang Y, Liu Y, Hashem R, et al., 2021,
SoGut: A Soft Robotic Gastric Simulator
, SOFT ROBOTICS, Vol: 8, Pages: 273-283, ISSN: 2169-5172- Cite
- Citations: 40
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Conference paperBaker CE, Martin P, Wilson M, et al., 2021,
Biomechanics of brain injury from the reconstruction of three pedestrian‐car collisions
, 2020 IRCOBI Asia Conference (postponed until 2021), Publisher: International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury (IRCOBI), Pages: 137-140 -
Journal articleFranco E, Garriga Casanovas A, Tang J, et al., 2021,
Position regulation in Cartesian space of a class of inextensible soft continuum manipulators with pneumatic actuation
, Mechatronics, Vol: 76, Pages: 1-21, ISSN: 0957-4158This work investigates the position regulation in Cartesian space of a class of inextensible soft continuum manipulators with pneumatic actuation subject to model uncertainties and to unknown external disturbances that act on the tip. Soft continuum manipulators are characterised by high structural compliance which results in a large number of degrees-of-freedom, only a subset of which can be actuated independently or instrumented with sensors. External disturbances, which are common in many applications, result in uncertain dynamics and in uncertain kinematics thus making the control problem particularly challenging. We have investigated the use of integral action to model the uncertain kinematics of the manipulators, and we have designed a new control law to achieve position regulation in Cartesian space by employing a port-Hamiltonian formulation and a passivity-based approach. In addition, we have compared two adaptive laws that compensate the effects of the external disturbances on the system dynamics. Local stability conditions are discussed with a Lyapunov approach and are related to the controller parameters. The performance of the controller is demonstrated by means of simulations and experiments with two different prototypes.
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Journal articleHan J, Jiang P, Childs PRN, 2021,
Metrics for measuring sustainable product design concepts
, Energies, Vol: 14, ISSN: 1996-1073Although products can contribute to ecosystems positively, they can cause negative environmental impacts throughout their life cycles, from obtaining raw material, production, and use, to end of life. It is reported that most negative environmental impacts are decided at early design phases, which suggests that the determination of product sustainability should be considered as early as possible, such as during the conceptual design stage, when it is still possible to modify the design concept. However, most of the existing concept evaluation methods or tools are focused on assessing the feasibility or creativity of the concepts generated, lacking the measurements of sustainability of concepts. The paper explores key factors related to sustainable design with regard to environmental impacts, and describes a set of objective measures of sustainable product design concept evaluation, namely, material, production, use, and end of life. The rationales of the four metrics are discussed, with corresponding measurements. A case study is conducted to demonstrate the use and effectiveness of the metrics for evaluating product design concepts. The paper is the first study to explore the measurement of product design sustainability focusing on the conceptual design stage. It can be used as a guideline to measure the level of sustainability of product design concepts to support designers in developing sustainable products. Most significantly, it urges the considerations of sustainability design aspects at early design phases, and also provides a new research direction in concept evaluation regarding sustainability.
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Journal articleWu H, Clarke R, Porter M, et al., 2021,
Thread-stripping test procedures leading to factors of safety data for friction-drilled holes in thin-section aluminium alloy
, Thin Walled Structures, Vol: 163, ISSN: 0263-8231Friction drilling is a hole-making process suitable for thin sections of ductile metal. A rotating tool is plunged into the workpiece to form the pilot hole. The hole is then threaded in a follow-up process. A bushing forms on the exit side of the hole, which allows for longer engagement lengths in threaded assemblies. For comparison purposes, four combinations of threaded-hole processes were applied to 1.5 mm-section, 6082-T6 aluminium alloy. The processes involved were friction and twist drilling followed by thread forming or cutting. Vickers hardness and microstructural analyses were used to assess the condition of the material. An in-house test method was developed to measure the axial load–deflection response. Progressive failure occurred by thread stripping. Friction drilling followed by thread forming gave peak loads 35% higher than conventionally drilled and tapped holes. Also, hardness increased from 111HV in the parent metal to 125HV (with an increase in hardness to depths of 0.5 mm) due to work hardening. Evidence of precipitate dissolution was negligible which suggests that the friction drilling process operated below the solvus temperature. A novel approach for determining reliably-based, thread-stripping Factors of Safety (FoS) is presented. FoS in the range 3.61 to 4.38 gave a reliability of 95% to 99.9% against thread stripping in friction-drilled, thread formed joints.
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Journal articleAbraham S, Mukund N, Vibhute A, et al., 2021,
A machine learning approach for GRB detection in <i>AstroSat</i> CZTI data
, MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, Vol: 504, Pages: 3084-3091, ISSN: 0035-8711- Cite
- Citations: 5
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Journal articleWhitehouse S, Myant C, Cann PM, et al., 2021,
Fluorescent imaging of razor cartridge/skin lubrication
, SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY-METROLOGY AND PROPERTIES, Vol: 9, ISSN: 2051-672X- Cite
- Citations: 2
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Journal articleBallou N, Van Rooij AJ, 2021,
The relationship between mental well-being and dysregulated gaming: a specification curve analysis of core and peripheral criteria in five gaming disorder scales
, Royal Society Open Science, Vol: 8, ISSN: 2054-5703Gaming disorder (also known as dysregulated gaming) has received significant research and policy attention based on concerns that certain patterns of play are associated with decreased mental well-being and/or functional impairment. In this study, we use specification curve analysis to examine analytical flexibility and the strength of the relationship between dysregulated gaming and well-being in the form of general mental health, depressive mood and life satisfaction. Dutch and Flemish gamers (n = 424) completed an online survey containing five unique dysregulated gaming measures (covering nine scale variants) and three well-being measures. We find a consistent negative relationship; across 972 justifiable regression models, the median standardized regression coefficient was −0.39 (min: −0.54, max: −0.19). Data show that the majority of dysregulated gaming operationalizations converge upon highly similar estimates of well-being. However, variance is introduced by the choice of well-being measure; results indicate that dysregulated gaming is more strongly associated with depressive mood than with life satisfaction. Weekly game time accounted for little to no unique variance in well-being in the sample. We argue that research on this topic should compare a broad range of psychosocial well-being outcomes and explore possible simplifications of the DSM-5 gaming disorder criteria. Given somewhat minute differences between dysregulated gaming scales when used in survey-based studies and largely equivalent relationships with mental health indicators, harmonization of measurement should be a priority.
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Journal articleOjha M, Wu B, Deepa M, 2021,
Cost-Effective MIL-53(Cr) metal–organic framework-based supercapacitors encompassing fast-ion (Li+/H+/Na+) conductors
, ACS Applied Energy Materials, Vol: 4, Pages: 4729-4743, ISSN: 2574-0962A chromium-based low-cost metal–organic framework (MOF) cathode, MIL (Matériaux de l′Institut Lavoisier)-53(Cr), is coupled with a bioderived porous carbon (BPC) anode, produced from abundantly available agricultural waste betel nut shells in an asymmetric supercapacitor, for the first time. The impact of the electrolyte on the electrochemical behavior of an asymmetric BPC//MIL-53(Cr) supercapacitor was assessed by constructing cells with the following electrolytes: proton-conducting camphorsulfonic acid (CSA), Li+-ion-conducting solutions of LiClO4, Na+-ion-conducting sodium poly(4-styrene sulfonate) solution, and ionic liquid (IL:1-butyl-1-methyl-pyrrolidinium trifluoromethanesulfonate)-based solutions. The aqueous H+-ion-based CSA electrolyte shows a superior ionic conductivity (270 mS cm–1) and an enhanced transport number (0.96), carries larger ionic currents, and retains high conductivity even at subambient temperatures, clearly outperforming all the other Li+/Na+/IL electrolytes. The BPC/aqueous CSA or LiClO4/MIL-53(Cr) supercapacitors show enhanced storage performances, with the H+ cell having a specific capacitance of 70 F g–1 and energy and power density maxima of 9.7 Wh kg–1 and 0.25 kW kg–1 and enduring 104 cycles. A detailed account of the dependence of the electrolyte cation/anion- and solvent-type on electrochemical charge storage provides a basis for adapting these design principles to developing high-performance MOF-based supercapacitors.
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Journal articleAlAttar A, Cursi F, Kormushev P, 2021,
Kinematic-model-free redundancy resolution using multi-point tracking and control for robot manipulation
, Applied Sciences, Vol: 11, Pages: 1-15, ISSN: 2076-3417Abstract: Robots have been predominantly controlled using conventional control methods that require prior knowledge of the robots’ kinematic and dynamic models. These controllers can be challenging to tune and cannot directly adapt to changes in kinematic structure or dynamic properties. On the other hand, model-learning controllers can overcome such challenges.Our recently proposed model-learning orientation controller has shown promising ability to simul6 taneously control a three-degrees-of-freedom robot manipulator’s end-effector pose. However, this controller does not perform optimally with robots of higher degrees-of-freedom nor does it resolve redundancies. The research presented in this paper extends the state-of-the-art kinematic9 model-free controller to perform pose control of hyper-redundant robot manipulators and resolve redundancies by tracking and controlling multiple points along the robot’s serial chain. The results show that with more control points, the controller is able to reach desired poses in fewer steps, yielding an improvement of up to 66%, and capable of achieving complex configurations. The algorithm was validated by running the simulation 100 times and it was found that 82% of the times the robot successfully reached the desired target pose within 150 steps.
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Journal articleTiersen F, Batey P, Harrison MJC, et al., 2021,
Smart home sensing and monitoring in households with dementia: user-centered design approach
, JMIR Aging, Vol: 4, Pages: 1-20, ISSN: 2561-7605Background:As life expectancy grows, so do the challenges of caring for an ageing population. Older adults, including people with dementia, want to live independently and feel in control of their lives for as long as possible. Assistive technologies powered by Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things devices are being proposed to provide living environments that support the users’ safety, psychological, and medical needs through remote monitoring and interventions.Objective:This study investigates the functional, psychosocial, and environmental needs of people living with dementia, their caregivers, clinicians, and health and social care service providers towards the design and implementation of smart home systems.Methods:We used an iterative user-centered design approach comprising nine sub-studies. First, semi-structured interviews (N = 9 people with dementia, 9 caregivers, 10 academic and clinical staff), ethnographic observations in clinics (N = 10 people with dementia, 10 caregivers, 3 clinical monitoring team members), and workshops (N = 35 pairs of people with dementia and caregivers, 12 health and social care clinicians) were conducted to define the needs of people with dementia, home caregivers and professional stakeholders in both daily activities and technology-specific interactions. Then, the spectrum of needs identified was represented via patient-caregiver personas and discussed with stakeholders in a workshop (N = 14 occupational therapists, 4 National Health Service pathway directors, 6 researchers in occupational therapy, neuropsychiatry and engineering) and two focus groups with managers of healthcare services (N = 8), eliciting opportunities for innovative care technologies and public health strategies. Finally, these opportunities were discussed in semi-structured interviews with participants of a smart home trial involving environmental sensors, physiological measurement devices, smart watches, and tablet-based chatbots and cognitive
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Journal articleBahadori M, Barumerli R, Geronazzo M, et al., 2021,
Action planning and affective states within the auditory peripersonal space in normal hearing and cochlear-implanted listeners
, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, Vol: 155, ISSN: 0028-3932- Author Web Link
- Cite
- Citations: 6
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Journal articleAbayazid F, Ding K, Zimmerman K, et al., 2021,
A new assessment of bicycle helmets: the brain injury mitigation effects of new technologies in oblique impacts
, Annals of Biomedical Engineering, Vol: 49, Pages: 2716-2733, ISSN: 0090-6964New helmet technologies have been developed to improve the mitigation of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in bicycle accidents. However, their effectiveness under oblique impacts, which produce more strains in the brain in comparison with vertical impacts adopted by helmet standards, is still unclear. Here we used a new method to assess the brain injury prevention effects of 27 bicycle helmets in oblique impacts, including helmets fitted with a friction-reducing layer (MIPS), a shearing pad (SPIN), a wavy cellular liner (WaveCel), an airbag helmet (Hövding) and a number of conventional helmets. We tested whether helmets fitted with the new technologies can provide better brain protection than conventional helmets. Each helmeted headform was dropped onto a 45° inclined anvil at 6.3 m/s at three locations, with each impact location producing a dominant head rotation about one anatomical axes of the head. A detailed computational model of TBI was used to determine strain distribution across the brain and in key anatomical regions, the corpus callosum and sulci. Our results show that, in comparison with conventional helmets, the majority of helmets incorporating new technologies significantly reduced peak rotational acceleration and velocity and maximal strain in corpus callosum and sulci. Only one helmet with MIPS significantly increased strain in the corpus collosum. The helmets fitted with MIPS and WaveCel were more effective in reducing strain in impacts producing sagittal rotations and a helmet fitted with SPIN in coronal rotations. The airbag helmet was effective in reducing brain strain in all impacts, however, peak rotational velocity and brain strain heavily depended on the analysis time. These results suggest that incorporating different impact locations in future oblique impact test methods and designing helmet technologies for the mitigation of head rotation in different planes are key to reducing brain injuries in bicycle accidents.
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Conference paperBallou N, Warriar VR, Deterding S, 2021,
Are you open? a content analysis of transparency and openness guidelines in hci journals
Within the wider open science reform movement, HCI researchers are actively debating how to foster transparency in their own feld. Publication venues play a crucial role in instituting open science practices, especially journals, whose procedures arguably lend themselves better to them than conferences. Yet we know little about how much HCI journals presently support open science practices. We identifed the 51 most frequently published-in journals by recent CHI frst authors and coded them according to the Transparency and Openness Promotion guidelines, a high-profle standard of evaluating editorial practices. Results indicate that journals in our sample currently do not set or specify clear openness and transparency standards. Out of a maximum of 29, the modal score was 0 (mean = 2.5, SD = 3.6, max = 15). We discuss potential reasons, the aptness of natural science-based guidelines for HCI, and next steps for the HCI community in furthering openness and transparency.
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Journal articleChen K, Astolfi A, 2021,
Adaptive control for systems with time-varying parameters
, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, Vol: 66, Pages: 1986-2001, ISSN: 0018-9286This article investigates the adaptive control problem for systems with time-varying parameters using the so-called congelation of variables method. First, two scalar examples to illustrate how to deal with time-varying parameters in the feedback path and in the input path, respectively, are discussed. The control problem for an n -dimensional lower triangular system via state feedback is then discussed to show how to combine the congelation of variables method with adaptive backstepping techniques. To achieve output regulation problem via output feedback, problem which cannot be solved directly due to the coupling between the input and the time-varying perturbation, the ISS of the inverse dynamics, referred to as strong minimum-phaseness, is exploited. This allows converting such coupling into the coupling between the output and the time-varying perturbation. A set of filters, resulting in ISS state estimation error dynamics, are designed to cope with the unmeasured state variables. Finally, a controller is designed based on a small-gain-like analysis that takes all subsystems into account. Simulation results show that the proposed controller achieves asymptotic output regulation and outperforms the classical adaptive controller, in the presence of time-varying parameters that are neither known nor asymptotically constant.
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Conference paperTavakoli A, Fatemi M, Kormushev P, 2021,
Learning to represent action values as a hypergraph on the action vertices
, Vienna, Austria, International Conference on Learning RepresentationsAction-value estimation is a critical component of many reinforcement learning(RL) methods whereby sample complexity relies heavily on how fast a good estimator for action value can be learned. By viewing this problem through the lens ofrepresentation learning, good representations of both state and action can facilitateaction-value estimation. While advances in deep learning have seamlessly drivenprogress in learning state representations, given the specificity of the notion ofagency to RL, little attention has been paid to learning action representations. Weconjecture that leveraging the combinatorial structure of multi-dimensional actionspaces is a key ingredient for learning good representations of action. To test this,we set forth the action hypergraph networks framework—a class of functions forlearning action representations in multi-dimensional discrete action spaces with astructural inductive bias. Using this framework we realise an agent class basedon a combination with deep Q-networks, which we dub hypergraph Q-networks.We show the effectiveness of our approach on a myriad of domains: illustrativeprediction problems under minimal confounding effects, Atari 2600 games, anddiscretised physical control benchmarks.
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Journal articleTsaousoglou G, Giraldo JS, Pinson P, et al., 2021,
Mechanism Design for Fair and Efficient DSO Flexibility Markets
, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID, Vol: 12, Pages: 2249-2260, ISSN: 1949-3053 -
Journal articleDvorkin V, Fioretto F, Van Hentenryck P, et al., 2021,
Differentially Private Optimal Power Flow for Distribution Grids
, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS, Vol: 36, Pages: 2186-2196, ISSN: 0885-8950 -
Journal articleOrdoudis C, Nguyen VA, Kuhn D, et al., 2021,
Energy and reserve dispatch with distributionally robust joint chance constraints
, OPERATIONS RESEARCH LETTERS, Vol: 49, Pages: 291-299, ISSN: 0167-6377 -
Journal articleMoret F, Tosatto A, Baroche T, et al., 2021,
Loss Allocation in Joint Transmission and Distribution Peer-to-Peer Markets
, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS, Vol: 36, Pages: 1833-1842, ISSN: 0885-8950 -
Journal articleOuyang M, Bertei A, Cooper SJ, et al., 2021,
Model-guided design of a high performance and durability Ni nanofiber/ceria matrix solid oxide fuel cell electrode
, Journal of Energy Chemistry, Vol: 56, Pages: 98-112, ISSN: 2095-4956Mixed ionic electronic conductors (MIECs) have attracted increasing attention as anode materials for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and they hold great promise for lowering the operation temperature of SOFCs. However, there has been a lack of understanding of the performance-limiting factors and guidelines for rational design of composite metal-MIEC electrodes. Using a newly-developed approach based on 3D-tomography and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, here for the first time we quantify the contribution of the dual-phase boundary (DPB) relative to the three-phase boundary (TPB) reaction pathway on real MIEC electrodes. A new design strategy is developed for Ni/gadolinium doped ceria (CGO) electrodes (a typical MIEC electrode) based on the quantitative analyses and a novel Ni/CGO fiber–matrix structure is proposed and fabricated by combining electrospinning and tape-casting methods using commercial powders. With only 11.5 vol% nickel, the designer Ni/CGO fiber–matrix electrode shows 32% and 67% lower polarization resistance than a nano-Ni impregnated CGO scaffold electrode and conventional cermet electrode respectively. The results in this paper demonstrate quantitatively using real electrode structures that enhancing DPB and hydrogen kinetics are more efficient strategies to enhance electrode performance than simply increasing TPB.
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Conference paperHong F, Myant C, Boyle D, 2021,
Thermoformed Circuit Boards: Fabrication of highly conductive freeform 3D printed circuit boards with heat bending
, CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Pages: 1-10Fabricating 3D printed electronics using desktop printers has become moreaccessible with recent developments in conductive thermoplastic filaments.Because of their high resistance and difficulties in printing traces invertical directions, most applications are restricted to capacitive sensing. Inthis paper, we introduce Thermoformed Circuit Board (TCB), a novel approachthat employs the thermoformability of the 3D printed plastics to constructvarious double-sided, rigid and highly conductive freeform circuit boards thatcan withstand high current applications through copper electroplating. Toillustrate the capability of the TCB, we showcase a range of examples withvarious shapes, electrical characteristics and interaction mechanisms. We alsodemonstrate a new design tool extension to an existing CAD environment thatallows users to parametrically draw the substrate and conductive trace, andexport 3D printable files. TCB is an inexpensive and highly accessiblefabrication technique intended to broaden HCI researcher participation.
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Journal articleChen Y-Y, Chen K, Astolfi A, 2021,
Adaptive formation tracking control for first-order agents in a time-varying flowfield
, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, Vol: 67, Pages: 1-1, ISSN: 0018-9286A novel adaptive method to achieve both path following and formation moving along desired orbits in the presence of a spatio-temporal flowfield is presented. The flowfield is a spatio-temporal general flow with unknown time-varying parameters. The so-called \emph{congelation of variables} method is used to estimate the time-varying flow parameters, which do not have any restrictions on the rate of their variation. The asymptotic properties of the resulting adaptive system are studied in detail. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Journal articlePark D, Han J, Childs PRN, 2021,
266 Fuzzy front-end studies: current state and future directions for new product development
, Research in Engineering Design, Vol: 32, Pages: 377-409, ISSN: 0934-9839266 fuzzy front-end (FFE) studies in the new product development (NPD) sector were examined. The studies were selected using a bibliometrics method, and chronologically and statistically examined with ten criteria divided into two dimensions. The first dimension is associated with overall attributes of the FFE, consisting of six criteria: the study taxonomy, model type, NPD speed, NPD attributes, model characteristic, and model structure. The second dimension is relevant to the FFE performance structure related to process parameters, comprised of four criteria: the FFE task, activity, performance method, and toolkit. In terms of those two dimensions, the paper looks at previous FFE studies to gain an understanding of features of each FFE study along with related knowledge and theories, as well as identification of evolution trends of FFE studies. Based on the identification, an FFE model development strategy for each criterion is formulated, and this paper proposes possible options for executing those strategies which exert influence on the form of the cluster network. The intention is for the database to be utilised as an overview of all existing FFE studies and allow specific FFE studies to be selected to examine FFE approaches.This paper provides FFE model development guidance on how to deal with the overall attributes and outcomes of the FFE which affect the entirety of the innovation process, and how to manage the performance structure related to process parameters.
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Conference paperFranco E, Tang J, Garriga Casanovas A, et al., 2021,
Position control of soft manipulators with dynamic and kinematic uncertainties
, 21st IFAC World Congress, Publisher: Elsevier, Pages: 9847-9852, ISSN: 2405-8963This work investigates the position control problem for a soft continuum manipulator in Cartesian space intended for minimally invasive surgery. Soft continuum manipulators have a large number of degrees-of-freedom and are particularly susceptible to external forces because of their compliance. This, in conjunction with the limited number of sensors typically available, results in uncertain kinematics, which further complicates the control problem. We have designed a partial state feedback that compensates the effects of external forces employing a rigid-link model and a port-Hamiltonian approach and we have investigated in detail the use of integral action to achieve position regulation in Cartesian space. Local stability conditions are discussed with a Lyapunov approach. The performance of the controller is compared with that achieved with a radial-basis-functions neural network by means of simulations and experiments on two prototypes.
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Journal articleQiuchen Q, Akshayaa P, Boyle D, 2021,
Optimal recharge scheduler for drone-to-sensor wireless power transfer
, IEEE Access, Vol: 9, Pages: 59301-59312, ISSN: 2169-3536Wireless recharging by autonomous power delivery vehicles is an attractive maintenance solution for Internet of Things devices. Improving the operating efficiency of power delivery vehicles is challenging due to complex dynamic environments and the need to solve difficult optimization problems to determine the best combination of routes, number of vehicles, and numerous safety thresholds prior to deployment. The optimal recharge scheduling problem considers minimizing discharged energy of drones while maximizing devices’ recharged energy. In this paper, a configurable optimal recharge scheduler is proposed that incorporates several evolutionary and clustering approaches. A modified version of the Black Hole algorithm is presented, which is shown to execute on average 35% faster than the state of the art genetic approach, while delivering comparable performance in simulation across 18 scenarios with varying area and density of sensor nodes deployed under different initialization scenarios.
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Journal articleTapuria A, Porat T, Kalra D, et al., 2021,
Impact of patient access to their electronic health record: systematic review.
, Informatics for Health and Social Care, Vol: 46, Pages: 194-204, ISSN: 0959-8316Patient access to their own electronic health records (EHRs) is likely to become an integral part of healthcare systems worldwide. It has the potential to decrease the healthcare provision costs, improve access to healthcare data, self-care, quality of care, and health and patient-centered outcomes. This systematic literature review is aimed at identifying the impact in terms of benefits and issues that have so far been demonstrated by providing patients access to their own EHRs, via providers' secure patient portals from primary healthcare centers and hospitals. Searches were conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE, CINHAL, and Google scholar. Over 2000 papers were screened and were filtered based on duplicates, then by reading the titles and finally based on their abstracts or full text. In total, 74 papers were retained, analyzed, and summarized. Papers were included if providing patient access to their own EHRs was the primary intervention used in the study and its impact or outcome was evaluated. The search technique used to identify relevant literature for this paper involved input from five experts. While findings from 54 of the 74 papers showed positive outcome or benefits of patient access to their EHRs via patient portals, 10 papers have highlighted concerns, 8 papers have highlighted both and 2 have highlighted absence of negative outcomes. The benefits range from re-assurance, reduced anxiety, positive impact on consultations, better doctor-patient relationship, increased awareness and adherence to medication, and improved patient outcomes (e.g., improving blood pressure and glycemic control in a range of study populations). In addition, patient access to their health information was found to improve self-reported levels of engagement or activation related to self-management, enhanced knowledge, and improve recovery scores, and organizational efficiencies in a tertiary level mental health care facility. However, three studies did not find any statistically signific
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